Abstract
Objective: To study the bone induction and defect repair of true bone ceramics (TBC) combined with rhBMP-2 and Sr. Methods: MC3T3-E1 cells were used to evaluate the bioactivity of the composite. Cell proliferation activity was detected by CCK-8, ALP activity was detected by p-nitrophenyl phosphate (PNPP), and the differences of material surface topography were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Bone induction was verified by the implantation in nude mice. The rabbit femoral condyle defect model was achieved to verify the bone defect repair ability of the material. Results: SEM results showed nearly the same surface morphology and cell proliferation quantified by CCK-8 showed that compared with TBC, both TBC&Sr and TBC&BMP-2&Sr had a significant promoting effect (P < 0.05). ALP activity result showed that the ALP activity of TBC&BMP-2&Sr was significantly higher than that of TBC alone (P < 0.05). The bone induction result showed that TBC&Sr had a small amount of new bone formation, and the new bone area was only 2.5 ± 0.11%. The bone induction activity of TBC&BMP-2&Sr was the highest, the new bone area was up to 75.36 ± 4.21%. Histological result of bone defect repair showed that TBC&BMP-2&Sr was also the highest, the new bone area was up to 72.42 ± 3.14%. The repair effect of TBC& BMP-2 was second, and better than that of TBC&Sr. Conclusion: TBC combined with rhBMP-2 and Sr had the good bioactivity, obvious bone conduction and bone defect repair performance, laying the foundation of clinical application potentially.
Highlights
The clinical application of bone replacement materials is very promising [1], the research and development of which has always been the focus of the international orthopedic material field [2]
The true bone ceramics (TBC) combined with rhBMP-2 and Sr was constructed to enhance the effects of bone conduction and bone repair and make it with the excellent bioactivity for providing the advanced and safe material for the treatment of bone defect
scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of TBC, TBC&BMP2, TBC&Sr, and TBC&Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP)-2&Sr were examined to explore the difference of surface topography (Fig. 1A)
Summary
The clinical application of bone replacement materials is very promising [1], the research and development of which has always been the focus of the international orthopedic material field [2]. The xenograft bones such as true bone ceramics (TBC) possess the bioactivity and the pore structure for cells and tissues growing, which are good bone scaffold materials [3]. Sr was incorporated into bone tissue engineering materials to improve the osteogenic activity of the original scaffold or filler material, such as Srdoped tricalcium phosphate, hydroxyapatite, freeze-dried bone, and so on [4,5,6]. The sustained release experiments showed that Sr could be released slowly for a long time in the solution [6]
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