Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy is the most frequently occurring of the childhood muscular dystrophies and is inherited as an X-linked recessive disorder [ 1 Dubowitz V. Muscle disorders in childhood. 2nd ed. Butterworth Heinemann, Boston1995 Google Scholar , 2 Hoffman E.P. The muscular dystrophies. in: Rosenberg R.N. The molecular and genetic basis of neurologic disease. 2nd ed. 1997: 877-912 Google Scholar , 3 McDonald C.M. Abresch R.T. Carter G.T. Fowler W.M. Johnson E.R. Kilmer D.D. Sigford B.J. Profiles of neuromuscular diseases: duchenne muscular dystrophy. American J Phys Med Rehabil. 1995; 74: S50-S92 Google Scholar ]. Bone health is frequently compromised and fractures are more common in this patient population [ 4 Vestergaard P. Glerup H. Steffenson B.F. Rejnmark L. Rahbeck J. Moseklide L. Fracture risk in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy and spinal muscular atrophy. J Rehab Med. 2001; 33: 150-155 Crossref PubMed Scopus (93) Google Scholar , 5 Larson C.M. Henderson R.C. Bone mineral density and fractures in boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. J Pediatr Orthop. 2000; : 71-74 Crossref PubMed Google Scholar , 6 McDonald D.G. Kinali M. Gallagher A.C. Mercuri E. Muntoni F. Roper H. Jardine P. Jones D.H. Pike M.G. Fracture prevalence in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2002; 44: 695-698 Crossref PubMed Scopus (137) Google Scholar , 7 Hsu J.D. Skeletal changes in children with neuromuscular disorders. in: Dixon A.D. Sarnat B.G. Factors and mechanisms influencing bone growth. Alan Liss, New York1982: 553-557 Google Scholar , 8 Biggar W.D. Politano L. Harris V. Passamano L. Vajsar J. Alman B. Pallidina A. DeLuca F. Nigro G. A report of two deflazacort treatment protocols in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Neuromuscul Disord. 2003; : 630 Google Scholar , 9 Bianchi M.L. Cmiaz R. Badare M. et al. Efficacy and safety of alendronate for the treatment of osteoporosis in diffuse connective tissue diseases in children. Arthritis Rheum. 2000; : 1960-1966 Crossref PubMed Scopus (199) Google Scholar , 10 Siegel I.M. Fractures of long bones in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. J Trauma. 1977; 17: 219-222 Crossref PubMed Scopus (23) Google Scholar , 11 Hatano E. Masuda K. Kameo H. Fractures in Duchenne muscular dystrophy-chiefly about their causes. J Med Sci Hiroshima. 1986; 35: 429-433 PubMed Google Scholar ]. Fractures impact negatively on their quality of life and may contribute to the loss of ambulation [ 4 Vestergaard P. Glerup H. Steffenson B.F. Rejnmark L. Rahbeck J. Moseklide L. Fracture risk in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy and spinal muscular atrophy. J Rehab Med. 2001; 33: 150-155 Crossref PubMed Scopus (93) Google Scholar , 5 Larson C.M. Henderson R.C. Bone mineral density and fractures in boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. J Pediatr Orthop. 2000; : 71-74 Crossref PubMed Google Scholar ].
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