Abstract
Bone micro-environment appears to reflect bone turnover, i.e., frequency of bone remodeling. There are many bone-synthesizing mature osteoblasts, bone-resorbing osteoclasts, and a thick cell layer of preosteoblasts overlying mature osteoblasts in the region which shows active bone remodeling. Bone lining cells, - flattened, resting form of osteoblasts cover the quiescent bone surface, in which, however, osteocyte-lacunar canalicular system tend to be geometrically well-arranged. Thus, bone micro-environment seems to be regulated by preosteoblasts, bone marrow stromal cells and vascular endothelial cells, as well as osteoblasts and osteoclasts. But, precious biological function of preosteoblasts and bone marrow stromal cells are still under the investigation, e.g., due to many phenotypes of preosteoblasts. In this review, we will introduce histological and ultrastructural aspects on cellular involvement in bone micro-environment.
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