Abstract
The history of childhood is also a history of endangerment and abuse of children. In addition to biological conditions, the experience of basic trust is essential. Based on her sociological field research for successful survival, the developmental psychologist Emmy Werner used the term resilience (elasticity), which originates from technology and considers this to be learnable. In developmental psychology emotional security, curiosity, recognition, boundaries, and community have been described as essential prerequisites that can be divided into child-related, family, and social resilience factors. Although stable mother-child attachment is undoubtedly an essential foundation for healthy development, there are fundamental discussions in the practical implementation, e.g. the beginning of the non-domestic occupation of the mother and nursery care. Today, the autonomy of the infant, its empathic observation, and its imitation of role models are recognized as the essential foundation of development. In the field of psychology and neurophysiology, above all impulse control and the training of empathy and self-will have been identified as important factors for successful personality development. Resilience is hampered by family conflicts, ambivalent, and psychologically abnormal behavior of close associates, as well as poverty and traumatic experiences after the first year of life. There is evidence that a child’s spirituality encourages its resilience. Diverse social-political achievements and pediatric offers in the first years of life can promote resilience but they must be used as early as possible and developed further. In the actual worldwide Covid-19-pandemia the promotion of a resilient behavior is of very great importance.
Highlights
The history of childhood is a history of endangerment and abuse of children
The biological equipment of a person is an important factor for successful survival, which can become clear shortly after birth, e.g. for example, the "will to survive" of a very premature baby or the strong cry of a hungry infant
E.g. personality profiles worked out that determine the salutogenesis and the resilience of an adult person ("Big Fife"): 1) openness, 2) cooperation, 3) conscientiousness, 4) sociability and 5) emotional resonance
Summary
The biological equipment of a person is an important factor for successful survival, which can become clear shortly after birth, e.g. for example, the "will to survive" of a very premature baby or the strong cry of a hungry infant. Many behavioral biology publications emphasize the "basic trust", the mother's bond with her child, as an essential explanation for the survival of young children. Isn't it a miracle that with today's knowledge of the fragility of the child's psyche, humanity survived until the 21st century despite child murder, punishment, sexual abuse, love deprivation, and black pedagogy? How often did the birth take place in terrible agony for mother and child, how often did mothers die in the puerperium, how often even today hardly any relevant illnesses led to death or severe permanent disabilities. The nursing practice that has been common until modern times has had a negative effect on both psychosocial and overall children's development. By the survival of a few of the unimaginably large number of children born today could the population be balanced until modern times and further development in. Taking into Account the Covid-19-Challenge culture and civilization guaranteed [18]
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