Abstract
The bonding of wood with assembly adhesives is crucial for manufacturing wood composites, such as solid wood panels, glulam, furniture parts, and sport and musical instruments. This work investigates 13 hardwoods—bangkirai, beech, black locust, bubinga, ipé, iroko, maçaranduba, meranti, oak, palisander, sapelli, wengé and zebrano—and analyzes the impact of their selected structural and physical characteristics (e.g., the density, cold water extract, pH value, roughness, and wettability) on the adhesion strength with the polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) adhesive Multibond SK8. The adhesion strength of the bonded hardwoods, determined by the standard EN 205, ranged in the dry state from 9.5 MPa to 17.2 MPa, from 0.6 MPa to 2.6 MPa in the wet state, and from 8.5 MPa to 19.2 MPa in the reconditioned state. The adhesion strength in the dry state of the bonded hardwoods was not influenced by their cold water extracts, pH values, or roughness parallel with the grain. On the contrary, the adhesion strength was significantly with positive tendency influenced by their higher densities, lower roughness parameters perpendicular to the grain, and lower water contact angles.
Highlights
The strength and stability of glued joints are the priority properties of all construction and decorative composites based on metals, wood, glass, plastics, and other traditional and modern materials
Experiments of several researchers who tested bonded hardwoods with density (ρ) in a range of 300–1000 kg/m3 showed that the greater values of the adhesion strength were not in all cases found in specimens prepared from denser species, but almost always in those prepared from species characterized by a higher shear strength
The pH of individual hardwood species ranged from a neutral acidic value of 5.8 for palisander and beech to more acidic values in the scope of 3.4–3.9 for meranti, bangkirai, oak, and ipé (Table 1)
Summary
The strength and stability of glued joints are the priority properties of all construction and decorative composites based on metals, wood, glass, plastics, and other traditional and modern materials. This applies to glued solid wood products for industrial, building, and transport structures, furniture, musical instruments, sports equipment, and other uses. Shida and Hiziroglu [14] examined these tendencies and found out that the adhesion strength of bonded woods was greater in the denser karamatsu species than in the less dense sugi species. Alamsyah et al [16] demonstrated a higher adhesion strength in bonded specimens made from the less dense Paraserianthes falcataria tropical wood than from the denser Acacia mangium
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