Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the bond strength of orthodontic brackets bonded to tooth enamel with different polymer composites after simulated clinical aging, and analyze the enamel/ bond system fracture interface. 80 human premolars, were randomly divided into five groups (n = 16). G1: CO (Concise Ortodontica—3M ESPE), G2: SB (SuperBond—Ortho Source), G3: FMO (Fill Magic Ortodontico—Vigodent), G4: TXT (Transbond XT—3M ESPE) and G5: TP (Transbond Plus Self Etching Primer + Transbond Plus Color Change—3M ESPE). In all groups, the metal orthodontic bracket was bonded to the tooth enamel surface. The specimens were submitted to 3000 thermal cycling baths for 30 s, at temperatures of 5°C, 37°C and 55°C (±1°C). Afterwards they were subjected to shear testing and the results were analyzed by the Student’s-t test (p G5 > G2 > G3. In all groups the majority of the fractures at the interface of the specimens were cohesive, except in G3, which presented the largest number of adhesive fractures. After clinical aging, the chemically activated material (CO) showed higher bond strength than the light activated types (FMO, TXT and TP). The self-etching adhesive system (TP) showed similar bond strength to that of conventional systems (FMO and TXT).
Highlights
In the oral cavity, orthodontic brackets are subject to innumerable forces
The progressive technological development of polymer materials associated with acid etching and adhesive systems have provided a wide variety of options of polymer composites on the dental market over the years
The scanning electron microscope (SEM) photomicrographs images suggested that the largest particles were observed in Concise Ortodôntica (CO) (Figures 1(A)), followed by G2 (Figures 1(B))
Summary
Orthodontic brackets are subject to innumerable forces. These may be concentrated in the adhesive layer, or at the adhesive/enamel interface, compromising bracket retention [1] [2]. The bond strength of brackets is influenced by the physical and mechanical properties of the polymer cementing materials, adverse conditions of humidity and temperature present in the mouth, design of the mesh of the bracket base, and method of enamel etching [3]-[7]. For orthodontic bracket bonding there are both chemically and light-activated resins available on the market. A study evaluating the bond strength of resin composites pointed out a better performance of the chemically activated, in comparison with the light activated types [1]
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