Abstract
Evidence of an exotic intermediate state---an anapole state---between the liquid and solid phases of electrons in a transition-metal oxide provides the first in-depth look at this long-sought, mysterious phase.
Highlights
The search for novel types of ordered states is one of the most exciting and challenging issues of modern condensedmatter physics
For pure Sr2IrO4, TΩ appears to be a few Kelvin above TN, and for Rh-doped Sr2IrO4, TΩ is distinctly far above TN. These results suggest that an odd-parity hiddenorder phase develops at higher temperatures above the Subsequent polarized neutron diffraction measurements in pure and 7% Rh-doped Sr2IrO4 report the development of an unconventional magnetic order that breaks time-reversal symmetry above about TN, which is characterized by an intra-unit-cell magnetic order [58]
The measurements of in-plane anisotropy of the magnetic susceptibility reveal the emergence of the nematic phase with broken rotation symmetry distinctly above the Neel transition
Summary
The search for novel types of ordered states is one of the most exciting and challenging issues of modern condensedmatter physics. In strongly correlated electron systems, charge, spin, and orbital degrees of freedom generate a rich variety of ordered states. Any of these ordered states can be characterized by their behaviors under space-inversion (parity) and time-reversal operations. Among systems with broken parity, toroidal states, in which translational symmetry of the underlying lattice is preserved, have been widely discussed [1,2]. There are two types of toroidal states—axial and polar—where time-reversal symmetry is preserved and broken, respectively [3,4,5]. An example of the axial toroidal states are the electric-toroidal systems
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