Abstract
Orientated at the premises and the terminological tools of totalitarianism theory, the essay develops a systematic, comparative analysis of basic structural features of Soviet Communism and National Socialism. After having reflected on the conditions of its development, by a second step there is attempting a systematic structural comparison of the two totalitarian systems which focuses on their apparatuses of rule. Finally by a third part, the systems of terror of the two dicatorships are compared to each other in very much detail and it is shown which role the “ideologic war” of the two dictatorships against each other played most of all for the radicalization of National Socialist terror. The concluding remarks interprete the 20th century as the »age of totalitarianism«.
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