Abstract
Purpose: the evaluation of body image perception, pain coping strategies, and dream content, together with phantom limb and telescoping phenomena in patients with sarcoma who underwent surgery for limb amputation. Material and Methods: consecutive outpatients were evaluated at T0 (within 3 weeks after surgery) and T1 (4–6 months after surgery) as follows: demographic and clinical data collection; the Groningen Questionnaire Problems after Arm Amputation; the West Haven-Yale Multidimensional Pain Inventory; the Body Image Concern Inventory, a clinical trial to identify telescoping; and a weekly diary of dreams. Dream contents were coded according to the Hall and Van de Castle coding system. Results: Twenty patients completed the study (15 males and 5 females, mean age: 53.9 ± 24.6, education: 7.8 ± 3.4). All subjects experienced phantom limb and 35% of them experienced telescoping soon after surgery, and 25% still after 4–6 months. Both at T0 and T1, that half of the subjects reported dreams about still having their missing limbs. At T1 the patients’ perceptions of being able to deal with problems were lower, and pain and its interference in everyday life were higher yet associated with significant engagement in everyday activities and an overall good mood. The dream content analysis highlighted that males were less worried about health problems soon after amputation, and women showed more initial difficulties that seemed to be resolved after 4–6 months after surgery. Conclusions: The dream content analysis may improve clinicians’ ability to support their patients during their therapeutic course.
Highlights
Over the years, many authors have defined body schema, body image, and body awareness in different ways
The aim of this study is the evaluation of body image perception, pain coping strategies, dream content, and their possible modifications over time, together with phantom limb and telescoping phenomena in patients affected by sarcoma who have undergone surgery for limb amputation, within six months after surgery
The mean age was 53.9 ± 24.6, education 7.8 ± 3.4, and 10 patients had a diagnosis of soft tissue sarcoma and 10 of bone sarcoma
Summary
Many authors have defined body schema, body image, and body awareness in different ways. Body image is referred to the mental representation of the body and its physical features [1,2]. It is a conscious image or representation of the self, a subjective individual’s picture of their own body. The concept of body image is referred to the body as it is perceived in the immediate consciousness. It includes the conceptual construction of the body, and the emotional attitude and conscious feelings about the body itself [3]. The body schema is a non-conscious performance of the body [3]
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