Body residues as dose for sublethal responses in alevins of landlocked salmon (Salmo salar m. sebago): A direct calorimetry study

Abstract

Questions of organism-specific factors, toxicity endpoints, and their relation to mode-of-action all are related to consistency and applicability of body residue-based approaches. To address this issue, direct calorimetry was used to evaluate metabolic responses of alevins of landlocked salmon (Salmo salar m. sebago) to pentachlorophenol (PCP) exposure ranging from 0 to 1.04 microM for 24 h or 24, 48, and 72 h (0, 0.26, and 0.55 microM, respectively). The body residues were used as a dose metric for sublethal responses. The body size, rapid ontogenetic development, and exposure to a specific pollutant all were heat output-modifying factors. The acute exposure (24-72 h) to PCP led to a heat output-enhancing effect, which directly was related to an internal concentration of PCP in the range of 0.01 to 0.15 micromol/g. Within the treatments, body size per level of metabolic rate and magnitude of physiological response were not correlated, thus the alevins with higher mass-specific metabolic rate were not more sensitive to PCP. Primarily, increasing metabolic rate during posthatch development controls PCP toxicity only by affecting bioaccumulation kinetics, not the toxic potency of the chemical. New information of a relationship between observed natural variation in measured physiological trait of fish and PCP-induced response and its body residue-based level is of ecotoxicological importance.