Body Composition in Egyptian Children With Transfusion-dependent Thalassemia: The Impact of Nutrition and Metabolic Profile.

Abstract

Growth failure is a common complication in children with beta-thalassemia major (β-TM) that has persisted despite major treatment advances. It could stem from malnutrition, especially in those who live in poor countries and who have inadequate nutrient intake. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of nutrition on growth, total body composition, and metabolic profile in Egyptian children with β-TM. This cross-sectional study included 200 children with β-TM and 50 age-matched and sex-matched healthy children. All subjects underwent full clinical assessment, which included assessment of growth and total body composition using anthropometric measurements (weight, height, mid-arm circumference, skinfold thickness, and body mass index) and bioelectric impedance analysis device (TANITA SC330). Nutritional assessment was performed using 24-hour dietary recall. Fasting serum insulin, C-peptide, and fasting serum lipid profile (high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, cholesterol, and triglyceride) were measured. Children with β-TM had a significantly lower mean value of the daily consumption of the studied nutrient elements including kilocalories, protein, carbohydrate, calcium, and phosphorus (P<0.001). β-TM had a negative impact on anthropometric measures; the mean of all measurements recorded in children with β-TM was significantly lower than that in the control group (P<0.001). Children with β-TM had a significant abnormality in lipid profile, with higher triglyceride levels and lower cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, and high-density lipoprotein than controls. They had significantly lower serum insulin and C-peptide. Age, sex, serum ferritin, and caloric intake have a significant impact on body composition in children with β-TM. Regular assessment of nutrition is crucial for the health of children with β-TM.