Abstract
Abstract. The soil erosion map in hand is integrated in an interdisciplinary work with zoology and botany which deals with the problems of an Ethiopian National Park in the High Semien Mountains. Wide areas of the high plains between 3,200 and 4,000 metres above sea level formed by Trapp-Basalt are damaged by soil erosion. In order to take effective measures against the irreversible damage in this potential disaster area, the present Situation was mapped in a primary phase in the autumnof 1974: 1) The present forms of erosion were mapped. 2) Based on numerous profües, the structure of the soil was investigated and typified in an ideal profile. The thickness of the upper black horizon was measured by 500 different samples, evaluated and presented areawise. 3) On arable areas differentiation between 4 classes of damage was made: heavily to negligibly damaged areas. The map established shows that soil erosion occurs principally on ploughed land. Tendencies to damage according to exposure, form and incline of the slope are clearly shown. An evolution of the forms of soil erosion can be derived. Possibilities for protective measures against soil erosion are available, but have not been used until today.
Highlights
Zugochsen) an Hängen bis maximal 40° Neigung ohne Rücksicht auf Bodenerosion
The soil erosion map in hand is integrated in an interdisciplinary work with zoology and botany which deals with the problems of an Ethiopian National Park in the High Semien Mountains
Wide areas of the high plains between 3,200 and 4,000 metres above sea level formed by Trapp-Basalt are damaged by soil erosion
Summary
Der hintere und obere Teil ist bis auf eine Höhe von 3600 m, vereinzelt bis 3800 m, mit Erika-Wald bewachsen (erica arborea). In Semien ist durch die Gesetze des Nationalparkes eine Ausdehnung der Ackerbauflächen in noch unbe¬ baute Wald- und Weidegebiete, wie das in früheren Jahren stets der Fall war, nicht mehr möglich. Wenn bei gleichbleibender oder zunehmender Bevölkerung in Zukunft eine Hungersnot vermieden werden will, ist es die dringlichste Aufgabe des Parkes, den irre¬ parablen Schäden der Bodenerosion Einhalt zu ge¬ bieten, sei es durch eine Aussiedlung der Bevölkerung aus dem Obern Jinbar-Tal oder durch geeignete Schutz¬ maßnahmen. Das ganze Obere Jinbar-Tal hat einen einheitlichen Bodenaufbau, wenn man von den durch Bodenero¬ sion zerstörten Ackerflächen, von den flächenmäßig nur einen geringen Anteil ausmachenden Steilstufen der Basaltschichten und den Bachgräben absieht. Der Bodenaufbau im Obern Jinbar-Tal kann mit ge¬ ringfügigen Einschränkungen durch das folgende Ideal¬ profil in Fig. 3 typisiert werden (vgl. auch Bodenero¬ sionskarte):
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