Bodacious-Instance Coverage Mechanism for Wireless Sensor Network

Shahzad Ashraf,Arshad Ahmad,Asad Masood Khattak,Bashir Hayat,Omar Alfandi,Ayaz Ullah,Kyong Hoon Kim,Farman Ullah

doi:10.1155/2020/8833767

Abstract

Due to unavoidable environmental factors, wireless sensor networks are facing numerous tribulations regarding network coverage. These arose due to the uncouth deployment of the sensor nodes in the wireless coverage area that ultimately degrades the performance and confines the coverage range. In order to enhance the network coverage range, an instance (node) redeployment-based Bodacious-instance Coverage Mechanism (BiCM) is proposed. The proposed mechanism creates new instance positions in the coverage area. It operates in two stages; in the first stage, it locates the intended instance position through the Dissimilitude Enhancement Scheme (DES) and moves the instance to a new position, while the second stage is called the depuration, when the moving distance between the initial and intended instance positions is sagaciously reduced. Further, the variations of various parameters of BiCM such as loudness, pulse emission rate, maximum frequency, grid points, and sensing radius have been explored, and the optimized parameters are identified. The performance metric has been meticulously analyzed through simulation results and is compared with the state-of-the-art Fruit Fly Optimization Algorithm (FOA) and, one step above, the tuned BiCM algorithm in terms of mean coverage rate, computation time, and standard deviation. The coverage range curve for various numbers of iterations and sensor nodes is also presented for the tuned Bodacious-instance Coverage Mechanism (tuned BiCM), BiCM, and FOA. The performance metrics generated by the simulation have vouched for the effectiveness of tuned BiCM as it achieved more coverage range than BiCM and FOA.

Highlights

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have been widely considered as one of the most important technologies for the twenty-first century
Thereupon, it can be clearly understood that node deployment based on Bodacious-instance Coverage Mechanism (BiCM) has minimum redundancy and is most uniform compared to node deployment by the Fly Optimization Algorithm (FOA) mechanism
As instances move towards their respective target, they emit a greater number of pulses [32]; the pulse emission rate will be high when sensor nodes move close to the grid points [33]

Summary

Introduction

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have been widely considered as one of the most important technologies for the twenty-first century. The sensor nodes are deployed to observe the surrounding events for some phenomenon of interest and thereby process the sensed data and transmit it. These sensor nodes are typically smaller in size with inbuilt microcontrollers and radio transceivers. Sensor deployment cannot be performed manually in most applications, for instance, the deployment in disaster areas, harsh environments, and toxic regions. Sensors are usually deployed by scattering them from an aircraft; the actual landing position cannot be uniform due to the existence of obstacles like buildings, trees, and wind causing some areas of the sensing region to be denser than

Objectives

Results

Conclusion