Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were treated with bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) dose-dependently and time-dependently. Together they caused a strong synergistic effect on the osteogenic differentiation of MSCs, with lower concentrations of each factor being enough to show the synergistic promotion (50ng BMP-2/ml, 1ng VEGF/ml and 10ng bFGF/ml). When both VEGF and bFGF were added in the early proliferating stage (the first 7days) and BMP-2 was added in the late differentiation stage (the last 7days), osteogenic differentiation of MSCs could be enhanced more effectively.
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