Abstract
Bone regeneration is a central focus of maxillofacial research, especially when dealing with dental implants or critical sized wound sites. While bone has great regeneration potential, exogenous delivery of growth factors can greatly enhance the speed, duration, and quality of osseointegration, making a difference in a patient’s quality of life. Bone morphogenic protein 2 (BMP-2) is a highly potent growth factor that acts as a recruiting molecule for mesenchymal stromal cells, induces a rapid differentiation of them into osteoblasts, while also maintaining their viability. Currently, the literature data shows that the liposomal direct delivery or transfection of plasmids containing BMP-2 at the bone wound site often results in the overexpression of osteogenic markers and result in enhanced mineralization with formation of new bone matrix. We reviewed the literature on the scientific data regarding BMP-2 delivery with the help of liposomes. This may provide the ground for a future new bone regeneration strategy with real chances of reaching clinical practice.
Highlights
In maxillofacial and orthopedic research, bone regeneration represents one of the main focuses
A good osteoinductive material has a role in support, as well as the capability to recruit mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), deliver the growth factors which are necessary in the differentiation process, and rendering a faster, enhanced bone formation [8,9]
In the literature we found two methods described: direct addition of the growth factor and transfection through gene carrying
Summary
In maxillofacial and orthopedic research, bone regeneration represents one of the main focuses. Underlying periodontal disease [7], insufficient bone and a long, difficult recuperation period before the patient can fully regain use of function, are the main challenges in current implantology. During this time, the patient must comply with a series of recommendations which drastically impact the quality of their life. Liposomes are bioactive vesicles which can encapsulate many types of molecules and specific genetic sequences that transfected into the cells can increase the secretion of specific proteins They are excellent carriers, highly biocompatible, but overlooked in many areas, such as bone regeneration. The aim is to compile the evidence regarding the use of liposomes as growth factor delivery systems in bone regeneration, most in the osseointegration process of dental implantation
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