Abstract
BMI1, TWIST1 and SNAI2/SLUG have been implicated in aggressive behavior of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and melanoma and BMI1 expression could identify subtypes of Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC). However, BMI1, TWIST1 and SNAI2 expression levels in basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) have not been elucidated. We hypothesized BCC could be a good model system to decipher mechanisms which inhibit processes that drive tumor metastasis. The aim of this study was to examine the mRNA expression level of BMI1, TWIST1, and SNAI2 in BCCs. Thirty-five fresh non-metastatic BCC tissue samples and seven fresh normal skin tissue samples were evaluated by real-time RT-PCR. BMI1 and TWIST1 demonstrated marked down-regulation (p<0.00l, p=0.00l respectively), but SNAI2 showed no significant change (p=0.12). Previous literature has clearly demonstrated a positive association between BMI1 and TWIST1 expression and metastatic BCC, aggressive SCC and melanoma. Here, we demonstrated a negative association between BMI1 and TWIST1 mRNA expression level and BCC.
Highlights
Basal Cell Carcinoma is the most common type of skin cancer and probably one of the most common cancers in the world
Why does basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) rarely metastasize in comparison with other skin cancers such as Melanoma and Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC)? The Hedgehog (Hh) pathway has been proven to be involved in pathogenesis of BCC, but this pathway cannot solely explain metastatic inefficiency and restriction to local invasion (Schwartz and Pirrotta, 2007)
Stemness markers and mesenchymal markers are involved in Epithelia-Mesenchymal Transition which occurs in cancer metastasis
Summary
Basal Cell Carcinoma is the most common type of skin cancer and probably one of the most common cancers in the world. Why does BCC rarely metastasize in comparison with other skin cancers such as Melanoma and Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC)? Many studies have been conducted on molecular causes of cancer metastasis and have revealed certain transcription factors which act in Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) pathway such as TWIST1, SNAIL and SNAI2 (Zhu et al, 2013). BMI1, TWIST1 and SNAI2 expression levels in basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) have not been elucidated. The aim of this study was to examine the mRNA expression level of BMI1, TWIST1, and SNAI2 in BCCs. Materials and Methods: Thirty-five fresh non-metastatic BCC tissue samples and seven fresh normal skin tissue samples were evaluated by real-time RT-PCR. Conclusions: Previous literature has clearly demonstrated a positive association between BMI1 and TWIST1 expression and metastatic BCC, aggressive SCC and melanoma. We demonstrated a negative association between BMI1 and TWIST1 mRNA expression level and BCC
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