Abstract

Numerous reports indicate a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in pregnancy. We asked whether vitamin D status changes during pregnancy and sought to identify predictors of status. Plasma 25‐hydroxycholecalciferol (25(OH)D) was measured before 20 wk gestation (n=299) and at delivery (n=257) in a mixed‐race population. Plasma was stored at −80° C until analysis. 25(OH)D was measured by EIA (Alpco Diagnostics, Salem, NH). Supplemental vitamin D was determined by capsule intake and brand. We used IOM guidelines for 25(OH)D: <12ng/ml (risk of deficiency), 12–19.9ng/ml (risk of insufficiency) and 20–50ng/ml (sufficiency). Status was evaluated for effects of race, pre‐pregnancy BMI, supplemental vitamin D and season of collection. At enrollment, 26, 30 and 41% were deficient, insufficient and sufficient. At delivery, 55, 30 and 15% fell into these respective categories. Plasma 25(OH)D decreased 40% from enrollment to delivery. Black women constituted 31% of the cohort but accounted for 69% of those deficient. Lower 25(OH)D was predicted by higher BMI at enrollment (p<0.001) and delivery (p<0.018). 25(OH)D at delivery was related to season of collection (p<0.001) and supplement intake (p<0.033). 25(OH)D declines in pregnancy and is sensitive to usual predictors in pregnant women residing in the Kansas City metropolitan area.

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