Abstract
Background The burden of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) is increasing substantially due to population growth and aging. Determining effective prevention and understanding the underlying mechanisms remain desirable pursuits for increasing the quality of life. As centenarians and their offspring may have genetic advantages, they may present with healthier cardiovascular-related profiles. Methods We launched a cross-sectional household-based survey of centenarian families, including 253 centenarians, 217 centenarian offspring, and 116 offspring spouses without centenarian parents from county-level Chinese longevity city Rugao. Among offspring and offspring spouses were the following arrangements: 101 paired offspring and offspring spouses who lived together, 116 unpaired offspring, and 16 unpaired spouses. We investigated their cardiovascular-related health status including waist circumference, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, and plasma lipids and compared results among centenarians, centenarian offspring, and offspring spouses. Results Centenarians ranged from 99 to 109 years with a median age of 100 years. Centenarian offspring, with a median age of 70 years, and offspring spouses, with a median age of 69 years, shared similar age. Results of blood pressure, plasma lipid levels, and BMI displayed no significant difference between centenarian offspring and offspring spouses. However, centenarians appeared to have lower waist circumference, BMI, TC, LDL-C, TG, and diastolic blood pressure but higher levels of systolic blood pressure (p < 0.05). Multivariate analysis showed the prevalence of obesity, hypertension, and dyslipidemia was similar between centenarian offspring and offspring spouses, while centenarians appeared to have a lower prevalence of obesity and a higher prevalence of hypertension (p < 0.05). Conclusions Centenarians and centenarian offspring did not present healthier BMI, blood pressure, or plasma lipids than offspring spouses. Further research on longevity and cardiovascular diseases are desirable.
Highlights
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of disease burden and deaths in the world [1]
Host genetics appear to influence personal responsiveness to dietary fats and cholesterol, and some risk alleles are found associated with hypertension, dyslipidemia, and obesity [6, 7, 9, 11]. e prevalence of vascular diseases dramatically increases with age [12]
Most studies were case-controls comprising of either centenarians and younger controls or centenarian offspring and age-matched controls; there are few studies investigating the health status of centenarian families including centenarians, centenarian offspring, and offspring spouses within the same environment. As centenarians and their offspring may have genetic advantages, we hypothesized this population may present with healthier cardiovascular profiles. erefore, we proposed to objectively determine cardiovascular health using cardiovascular-related health factors among recruited centenarians, their offspring, and offspring spouses without centenarian parents residing within the same environment to minimize the influence of environmental factors and better determine the extent of genetic components on CVD development and prevalence
Summary
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of disease burden and deaths in the world [1]. Dyslipidemia, hypertension, diabetes, abdominal obesity, smoking, intake of fruits, vegetables, and alcohol, physical activity, and psychosocial factors account for over 90% of population attributable risks of myocardial infarction in the world [3]. E American Heart Association defined ideal health behaviors and factors including nonsmoking, adequate physical activity, healthy diet, normal body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, total cholesterol (TC), and fasting blood glucose [4]. Hypertension, dyslipidemia, and obesity can be prevented by consuming a healthy diet including a limited intake of salt with adequate fruits and vegetables and engaging in healthy behaviors such as adequate physical activity and avoiding excessive alcohol intake [16,17,18]
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