Blunt cervical spine injuries in Scotland 1995–2000

Abstract

Background: In the Accident and Emergency Department, the management of patients who have sustained head injuries (HI) is often made more complicated by the suspicion of a cervical spine injury (CSI). This study aimed to evaluate the incidence of CSI in patients sustaining blunt head injuries in a Scottish population. Methods: Retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data for a 5-year period from the Scottish Trauma Audit Group (STAG) database. Logistic regression and other comparisons were used to investigate the relationship between Glasgow coma score/scale (GCS) and the incidence of CSI. Results: A total of 5154 patients met the criteria for the study and 273 of the HI patients had associated CSI giving an overall incidence of 5.3%. Patients presenting with GCS of 3 were almost three times more likely to have a CSI compared to patients with an initial GCS of 4 or more (12.5% versus 4.4%, χ 2=62.9, d.f.=1, P<0.001). When patients with GCS of 3 were excluded, there was no evidence of an increase in the incidence of CSI with a lower GCS (logistic regression χ 2=0.09, d.f.=1, P=0.75). Conclusion: The risk of CSI in patients with blunt head trauma and an admission GCS of ≥4 does not decrease as GCS increases. Patients with blunt head injuries who present with a GCS of 3 are much more likely to have a concomitant CSI. The overall incidence of 5.3% compares with published series from other countries.