Blunt abdominal trauma: initial resuscitation followed by clinical and focused abdominal sonography assessment important diagnostic tools of organ injury due to restricted use of CT-scan in a tertiary care in India

Abstract

Background: Blunt abdominal trauma (BAT) is one of the common causes of admission in surgical ward in any hospital. It requires high level of suspicion, urgent evaluation and timely management to decrease morbidity and mortality. Objective was to evaluate the role of clinical and ultrasound assessment in early diagnosis of intra-abdominal injury following blunt abdominal trauma and follow up in patients with intraabdominal injury for detecting complications.Methods: 130 patients who presented to the emergency room were evaluated by clinical and focused abdominal sonography for trauma (FAST) and follow-up sonography was done after 6-12 hours upto 72 hours.Results: In our study, road traffic accidents (RTA) were the most common cause of blunt abdominal trauma (70.76%) with 75% patients being were males. X-ray erect abdomen and ultrasound of the abdomen were the most sensitive investigation for hollow viscous injury and solid organ injuries, respectively, with bowel (38.33%) and liver injury (26.67%) being the most common organ involved in this study. This study found sensitivity (93.7%) and specificity (98.5%) of focused abdominal ultrasonography (FAST).Conclusions: Initial resuscitation followed by clinical and ultrasonography assessment is considered the best modality in initial evaluation of blunt abdominal trauma patients as it is noninvasive, readily available, and requires minimal preparation time and also due to restricted use of modern amenities such as CT-scan in tertiary care in India.