Abstract
Flow perturbations, recirculations and turbulence generated by buildings, obstacles, and other bluff bodies will often dominate the dispersion of flammable or toxic gases in the atmosphere. Flow over or through 2-dimensional barriers can result in plume lofting, pollutant stagnation in downwind recirculation zones, enhanced mixing in elevated shear zones, or increased deposition if the barrier is itself a water or steam curtain. Flow around 3-dimensional obstacles can produce regions of enhanced longitudinal vorticity, which can transport gases downward and sometimes extend plume concentrations to greater downwind distance. Under stratified conditions 2-dimensional objects can block ground-level flow; whereas, 3-dimensional obstacles can deflect or channel pollutants into unexpected areas.
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