Abstract
Inducing the feeling of fullness via the regulation of satiety hormones presents an effective method for reducing excess energy intake and, in turn, preventing the development of obesity. In this study, the ability of blue whiting soluble protein hydrolysates (BWSPHs) and simulated gastrointestinal digested (SGID) BWSPHs, to modulate the secretion and/or production of satiety hormones, such as glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), cholecystokinin (CCK) and peptide YY (PYY), was assessed in murine enteroendocrine STC-1 cells. All BWSPHs (BW-SPH-A to BW-SPH-F) (1.0% w/v dw) increased active GLP-1 secretion and proglucagon production in STC-1 cells compared to the basal control (Krebs–Ringer buffer) (p < 0.05). The signaling pathway activated for GLP-1 secretion was also assessed. A significant increase in intracellular calcium levels was observed after incubation with all BWSPHs (p < 0.05) compared with the control, although none of the BWSPHs altered intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) concentrations. The secretagogue effect of the leading hydrolysate was diminished after SGID. Neither pre- nor post-SGID hydrolysates affected epithelial barrier integrity or stimulated interleukin (IL)-6 secretion in differentiated Caco-2/HT-29MTX co-cultured cells. These results suggest a role for BWSPH-derived peptides in satiety activity; however, these peptides may need to be protected by some means to avoid loss of activity during gastrointestinal transit.
Highlights
There was no significant difference in the viability of cells exposed to blue whiting soluble protein hydrolysates (BWSPHs)
An inflammatory effect of BWSPHs and their corresponding gastrointestinal digests on human intestinal epithelial cells was investigated by measuring the reputable pro-inflammatory cytokine, interleukin (IL)-6 in the apical compartment of Caco-2/HT-29MTX co-cultured cells which were exposed to the test samples for a 4 h period
IL-6 concentrations in the co-culture apical compartments containing BWSPHs, simulated gastrointestinal digestion (SGID) BWSPHs or HBSS buffer were below the minimum limit of detection (4 pg/mL), indicating that these protein hydrolysates could not induce an IL-6 response upon contact with gut epithelial cells
Summary
Excess energy intake is the main contributor to the increasing prevalence of obesity worldwide with overweight and obesity taking fifth place in the leading causes of global death [1,2]. Researchers are currently investigating various potential obesity prevention strategies in an attempt to manage the global obesity pandemic and to alleviate the pressure that obesity and obesity-related diseases place on our healthcare systems. Inducing the feeling of fullness through the regulation of hormonal signaling presents an effective method for reducing food intake and, in turn, preventing the onset of obesity [3]. Numerous weight loss drug-therapies, including satiety hormone analogues, are available commercially [5], the identification of non-pharmacological satiating components from food sources may present cost-effective, safe alternatives to synthetic drugs for weight management
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