Abstract
Up-conversion blue emissions of trivalent thulium ions in monoclinic KGd(WO 4) 2 single crystals at 454 and 479 nm are reported for a single pump laser source at 688 nm. We grew thulium-doped KGd(WO 4) 2 single crystals at several concentrations from 0.1% to 10%. We recorded a polarized optical absorption spectrum for the 3F 2+ 3F 3 energy levels of thulium at room temperature and low temperature (6 K). From the low temperature emission spectra we determined the splitting of the 3H 6 ground state. The blue emissions are characterized as a function of the dopant concentration and temperature from 10 K to room temperature. To our knowledge, this is the first time that sequential two-photon excitation process (STEP) generated blue emissions in thulium-doped single crystals with a single excitation wavelength.
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