Abstract
Introduction: “Blue Economy” refers to ocean-based economies with a sustainable approach. It focuses in smaller carbon footprints and efficiency, principles that can be applied to aquaculture. However, it has been difficult to develop successful blue economy projects in sea urchin aquaculture. Objective: To compare URCHINOMICS (Norway) and ARBACIA (Argentina), two aquaculture projects with different business models. Methods: We used publicly available information to compare both companies on the basis of their value proposition and tensions (e.g. cultural, social economic and technological). Results: To be successful, sea urchin aquaculture requires development of appropriate technology, open innovation and cooperation of people with different academic, business and organizational backgrounds. Conclusion: The ultimate success of these and similar companies will depend on free interaction of experts from multiple fields and on technological innovation.
Highlights
Blue revolution is often referring to the rapid development of aquaculture and to the creation of an agricultural activity with a high productivity (McGinn, 1998; Costa-Pierce, 2002; Movik, Mehta, Mtisi, & Nicol, 2005; Simpson, 2011)
As any aquaculture activity must learn from the experience, failures and successes of the blue revolution, and improve its practices and developing long-term solutions to mitigate the environmental concerns as water waste, use of antibiotics, organic matter waste, etc. (Ahmed & Thompson, 2019) and generate commercial products
Since sea urchins have been consumed since the beginning of humanity (Lawrence, 2007), the industry that exploit them should engage in a Blue Economy framework
Summary
Vasileva et al, 2017; Yoon et al, 2019; Artyukov et al, 2020), and marketable products have been developed to meet the increasing demand for these pigments. Sea urchin aquaculture has its own very unique background and history (Fig. 1) but all of the possible uses of sea urchins clearly indicate that there is a requirement to meet the demands of a number of areas, including quality roe production, naphthoquinone pigments and drug discovery. In this work we attempt to do a basic review regarding the sea urchin aquaculture attempts and the difficulties these enterprises have as well as to examine to new examples with Blue Economy in their core and present an innovative approach in their projects
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