BLUE AND ULTRAVIOLET‐B LIGHT PHOTORECEPTORS IN PARSLEY CELLS

Abstract

Abstract— Ultraviolet‐B (UV‐B) and blue light photoreceptors have been shown to regulate chalcone synthase and flavonoid synthesis in parsley cell cultures. These photoreceptors have not yet been identified. In the present work, we studied UV‐B photoreception with physiological experiments involving temperature shifts and examined the possible role of flavin in blue and UV‐B light photoreception. Cells irradiated with UV‐B light (0.5–15 min) at 2°C have the same fluence requirement for chalcone synthase and flavonoid induction as controls irradiated at 25°C. This is indicative of a purely photochemical reaction. Cells fed with riboflavin and irradiated with 6 h of UV‐containing white light synthesize higher levels of chalcone synthase and flavonoid than unfed controls. This effect did not occur with blue light. These results indicate that flavin‐sensitization requires excitation of flavin and the UV‐B light photoreceptor. The in vivo kinetics of flavin uptake and bleaching indicate that the added flavin may act at the surface of the plasma membrane. In view of the likely role of membrane‐associated flavin in photoreception, we measured in vitro flavin binding to microsomal membranes. At least one microsomal flavin binding site was solubilized by resuspension of a microsomal pellet in buffer with high KPi and NaCl concentrations and centrifugation at 38000 g. The 38000 g insoluble fraction had much greater flavin binding and contained a receptor with an apparent KD of about 3.6 μM and an estimated in vivo concentration of at least 6.7 × 10–8M. Flavin mononucleotide, roseoflavin, and flavin adenine dinucleotide can compete with riboflavin for this binding site(s), although each has lower affinity than riboflavin. Most microsomal protein was solubilized by resuspension of the microsomal pellet in non‐denaturing detergents and centrifugation at 38 000 g; however, this inhibited flavin binding, presumably because of disruption of the environment of the flavin receptor. The parsley microsomal flavin binding receptor(s) have a possible role in physiological photoreception.