Blossom Thinning of Pome and Stone Fruit

Abstract

Kathleen M. Willemsen2 Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, P.O. Box 646414, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6414 T.T. Kozlowski (ed.). Shedding of plant parts. Academic Press, New York. Edgerton, L.J. 1973b. Control of abscission of apples with emphasis on thinning and pre-harvest drop. Acta Hort. 34:333–343. Greene, D.W., W.R. Autio, J.A. Erf, and Z.Y. Mao. 1992. Mode of action of benzyladenine when used as a chemical thinner on apples. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 117:775–779. Hartman, F.O. and F.S. Howlett. 1962. Effects of naphthaleneacetic acid on fruit setting and development in the apple. Ohio Agr. Expt. Sta. Res. Bul. 920. Knight, J.N. 1983. Translocation properties of carbaryl in relation to its use as an apple fruitlet thinner. J. Hort. Sci. 53:371–379. Luckwill, L.C. 1953. Studies of fruit development in relation to plant hormones. II. The effect of naphthalene acetic acid on fruit set and fruit development in apples. J. Hort. Sci. 28:25–40. Luckwill, L.C. and C.P. Lloyd-Jones. 1962. The absorption, translocation and metabolism of 1-naphthaleneacetic acid applied to apple leaves. J. Hort. Sci. 37:190–206. Marsh, H.V. Jr., F.W. Southwick, and W.D. Weeks. 1960. The influence of chemical thinners on fruit set and size, seed development, and pre-harvest drop of apples. Proc. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 75:5–21 Murneek, A.E . 1954. The embryo and endosperm in relation to fruit development, with special reference to the apple, Malus Sylvestris. Proc. Amer. Soc. Hort Sci. 64:573–582. Murneek, A.E. and F.G. Teubner. 1953. The dual action of naphthaleneacetic acid in thinning of apples. Proc. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 61:149–154. Rahemi, M. 1981. Role of ethylene and the effect of supplemental hand pollination in apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) fruit set. PhD Diss., Michigan State Univ., E. Lansing. Schneider, G.W. 1973. Translocation of C–indoleacetic acid and sucrose in excised apple pedicels. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 98:278–281. Schneider, G.W. 1974. Ethylene evolution and apple fruit thinning. J. Amer. Soc. Hort Sci. 100:356–359. Schneider, G.W. 1975. C-Sucrose translocation in apple J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 100:22–24. Schneider, G.W. 1977. Studies on the mechanism of fruit abscission in apple and peach. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 102:179–181. Schneider, G.W. and A.M. Lasheen. 1973. NAA and Sevin on composition, development and abscission of apple fruit. HortScience 8:103–104. Schumacher, R., R. Neuweiler, and W. Stadler. 1993. Einfluss der Fruchtausdunnung auf Fruchtansatz, Frucht-und Treibwachstum. Schweiz. Zeitschrift fur Obst– und Weinbau 129:421–426. Southwick, R.W., W.D. Weeks, E. Sawada, and J.F. Anderson. 1962. The influence of chemical thinners and seeds on the growth rate of apples. Proc. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 80:33–42. Stopar, M., B.L. Black, and M.J. Bukovac. 1997. The effect of NAA and BA on carbon dioxide assimilation by shoot leaves of spur–type ‘Delicious’ and ‘Empire’ apple trees. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 122:837–840. Struckmeyer, B.E and R.H. Roberts. 1950. A possible explanation of how naphthalene acetic acid thins apples. Proc. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 56:76–78. Teubner, F.G. and A.E. Murneek. 1955. Embryo abortion as mechanism of “hormone” thinning of fruit. Missouri Agr. Expt. Sta. Bul. 590. Tromp, J. and S.J. Wertheim. 1980. Synthetic growth regulators: Mode of action and application in fruit production, p. 137–150. In: Physiological aspects of crop productivity. Proc 15th Colloq. Intl. Potash Inst., Bern. Walsh, C.S., H.J. Swartz, and L.J. Edgerton. 1979. Ethylene evolution in apple following post-bloom thinning sprays. HortScience 14:704–706. Wertheim, S.J. 2000. Developments in the chemical thinning of apple and pear. Plant Growth Regulat. 31:85–100. Williams, M.W. 1979. Chemical thinning of apples. Hort. Rev. 1:270–300. Williams, M.W. 1981. Response of apple trees to aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG) with emphasis on apical dominance, fruit set, and mechanism of action of fruit thinning chemicals. Acta Hort. 120:137–141. Williams, M.W. and L.P. Batjer. 1964. Site and mode of action of 1-naphthyl N-methylcarbamate (Sevin) in thinning apples. Proc. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 85:1–10. Yuan, R. and D.W. Greene. 2000. Benzyladenine as a chemical fruit thinner for ‘McIntosh’ apples. I. Fruit thinning effects and associated relationships with photosynthesis, assimilate translocation, and nonstructural carbohydrates. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 125:169–176.