Abstract
Blossom blight and brown rot caused by Monilinia fructicola is the most important peach disease in Brazil. Genetic resistance is a control strategy that is gaining importance in breeding programs worldwide. This study aimed to identify genotypes with higher levels of blossom blight resistance to estimate the heritability of this character; study the frequency distribution in populations; and test the possibility of maternal effect. Blossom blight susceptibility was tested in reciprocal hybridizations seedlings, as well as their parents. The detached flower technique was used in a randomized complete block design, considering each genotype as a treatment. Flower inoculation was made by spraying a M. fructicola suspension and evaluations were carried out after 72 and 120 hours using a scale of five severity levels. The studied populations presented low phenotypic variability regarding the flower resistance/susceptibility to M. fructicola, being most of them susceptible or very susceptible. Among the tested genotypes, the cultivars Maciel and Cerrito showed less blossom blight susceptibility, transmitting this character to their progenies. Heritability estimates of the blossom blight resistance were medium to low. The low heritability and its distribution in the progenies suggest that the character has additive inheritance, without detecting deviations associated with maternal effects.
Highlights
The fungus Monilinia fructicola (Winter) Honey, is the most important pathogen of the peach culture in Brazil, as well as in other producing regions of the world due to the large losses it may cause, when its control is incorrectly done (Adaskaveg et al, 2008; Agrios, 1998; Fortes & Martins, 1998; May-de Mio et al, 2008, 2014; Ogawa et al, 1995)
The blossom blight is the primary infection of the disease and has great epidemiological importance, since it is an inoculum source for secondary infections in the fruits, directly by the production of conidia or in form of latent infections on the fruit in formation, or developing only during the ripening stage of the fruit (Garcia-Benitez et al, 2016; 2017; May-de Mio et al, 2014; Mondino et al, 2010; Thomidis, 2017)
The tested contrast, in all cases, was F1 progeny versus its reciprocal F1 progeny for the studied parameters.The test was not significant (p > 0.05), for any of the progenies, that is, there were no significant differences between the reciprocal progenies, indicating that there is no maternal effect on the transmission of this trait (Dini et al 2019; Londero et al.; 2009)
Summary
The fungus Monilinia fructicola (Winter) Honey, is the most important pathogen of the peach culture in Brazil, as well as in other producing regions of the world due to the large losses it may cause, when its control is incorrectly done (Adaskaveg et al, 2008; Agrios, 1998; Fortes & Martins, 1998; May-de Mio et al, 2008, 2014; Ogawa et al, 1995) This pathogen may attack the peach during the whole cycle, but especially during flowering and fruit ripening, which are the most susceptible phases (Bleicher, 1997; May-de Mio et al, 2014). The fungus sporulation appears powdery and grayish color (May-de Mio et al, 2014; Mondino et al, 2010)
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