Bloom's taxonomy and critical thinking in teacher education

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The article analyzes and compares Bloom's traditional and revised taxonomy, focusing on the cognitive domain and, in particular, on knowledge. A two–dimensional model of Bloom's revised taxonomy is proposed for consideration, since an interesting situation has developed in Kazakhstan education now - the hierarchy of cognitive skills is used from the classical taxonomy, while the concept of active verbs is already used from the revised one. We believe that it is necessary in this case to fully use the revised concept, and the article provides an example of a matrix for formulating educational goals. Particular attention is paid to the cognitive skill of application, which some classify as the lowest level of thinking, while others consider it the highest. The article suggests that this skill is transitional, echoing both levels. In addition, the article explores the relationship between critical thinking and Bloom's taxonomy in the context of teacher training. It is considered how the use of Bloom's taxonomy can contribute to the development of critical thinking in future teachers, and what advantages this may have in educational practice. The article provides a better understanding of the evolution of the taxonomy and descriptions of cognitive skills and abilities presented in Bloom's taxonomy, their role in the formation of competent teachers with the ability to think critically and effectively apply knowledge in the learning environment.