Abstract
The release of Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) into the bloodstream is positively associated with Particulate Matter (PM) exposure, which is involved in endothelial dysfunction and related to increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Obesity modifies the effects of PM exposure on heart rate variability and markers of inflammation, oxidative stress, and acute phase response. We isolated and characterized plasmatic EVs from six healthy donors and confirmed a positive association with PM exposure. We stratified for Body Mass Index (BMI) and observed an increased release of CD61+ (platelets) and CD105+ (endothelium) derived-EVs after high PM level exposure in Normal Weight subjects (NW) and no significant variations in Overweight subjects (OW). We then investigated the ability to activate endothelial primary cells by plasmatic EVs after both high and low PM exposure. NW-high-PM EVs showed an increased endothelial activation, measured as CD105+/CD62e+ (activated endothelium) EVs ratio. On the contrary, cells treated with OW-high-PM EVs showed reduced endothelial activation. These results suggest the ability of NW plasmatic EVs to communicate to endothelial cells and promote the crosstalk between activated endothelium and peripheral cells. However, this capacity was lost in OW subjects. Our findings contribute to elucidate the role of EVs in endothelial activation after PM exposure.
Highlights
The release of Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) into the bloodstream is positively associated with Particulate Matter (PM) exposure, which is involved in endothelial dysfunction and related to increased risk of cardiovascular disease
According to Centers for disease control and prevention (CDC) definition, three subjects were classified as Overweight subjects (OW), and three were classified as Normal Weight subjects (NW)
We measured the concentration of plasmatic EVs by nanoparticles tracking analysis (NTA), and compared the sample obtained the day after a low-PM10 day with that obtained the day after a high-PM10 day
Summary
The release of Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) into the bloodstream is positively associated with Particulate Matter (PM) exposure, which is involved in endothelial dysfunction and related to increased risk of cardiovascular disease. PM effect is limited to the pulmonary environment, making reliable the existence of a cross talk between the respiratory and CV systems that may underlie the observed peripheral effects of PM exposure[9] This cross-talk can be exerted through extracellular vesicles (EVs), which are membrane-enclosed vesicles that are released both under physiological and pathological conditions and are able to transfer specific information to other c ells[10]. EVs can modulate the fate of target cells through several biological effectors, which can be part of their content (e.g., miRNAs) as well as molecules exposed on EV external surfaces
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