Abstract
BackgroundAs the search for an immune privileged allogeneic donor mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) line continues in equine medicine, the characterization of the cells between different sources becomes important. Our research seeks to more clearly define the MSC marker expression of different equine MSC donors.MethodsThe bone marrow-derived MSCs from two equine breeds and different blood donor-types were compared over successive culture passages to determine the differential expression of important antigens. Eighteen Thoroughbreds and 18 Standardbreds, including 8 blood donor (erythrocyte Aa, Ca, and Qa antigen negative) horses, were evaluated. Bone marrow was taken from each horse for isolation and culture of MSCs. Samples from passages 2, 4, 6, and 8 were labelled and evaluated by flow cytometry. The cell surface expression of CD11a/18, CD44, CD90 and MHC class II antigens were assessed. Trilineage assays for differentiation into adipogenic, chondrogenic and osteogenic lines were performed to verify characterization of the cells as MSCs.FindingsThere were significant differences in mesenchymal stem cell marker expression between breeds and blood antigen-type groups over time. Standardbred horses showed a significantly lower expression of MHC class II than did Thoroughbred horses at passages 2, 4 and 6. CD90 was significantly higher in universal blood donor Standardbreds as compared to non-blood donor Standardbreds over all time points. All MSC samples showed high expression of CD44 and low expression of CD11a/18.ConclusionsUniversal blood donor- type Standardbred MSCs from passages 2–4 show the most ideal antigen expression pattern of the horses and passages that we characterized for use as a single treatment of donor bone marrow-derived MSCs. Further work is needed to determine the significance of this differential expression along with the effect of the expression of MHC I on equine bone marrow-derived MSCs.
Highlights
Selecting the optimal stem cell source is critical for obtaining favorable results from their use in regenerative medicine [1]
Universal blood donor- type Standardbred mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) from passages 2–4 show the most ideal antigen expression pattern of the horses and passages that we characterized for use as a single treatment of donor bone marrow-derived MSCs
Further work is needed to determine the significance of this differential expression along with the effect of the expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) I on equine bone marrow-derived MSCs
Summary
Selecting the optimal stem cell source is critical for obtaining favorable results from their use in regenerative medicine [1]. This has led to an ongoing search for mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) with the best capacity to replace or restore function to damaged tissues and a low occurrence of side effects [2]. Perhaps the most important advantage of an allogeneic source of MSCs is the benefit afforded by a uniform MSC treatment for efficacy research into the therapeutic use of MSCs for equine diseases. As the search for an immune privileged allogeneic donor mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) line continues in equine medicine, the characterization of the cells between different sources becomes important. Our research seeks to more clearly define the MSC marker expression of different equine MSC donors
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