Abstract
The discovery of anemia in children requires a rigorous approach to determine its etiology. This approach is essentially based on the biological analysis of the haemogram and the blood smear. The aim of our study is to demonstrate the vital interest of the blood smear in the diagnosis of anemia in children and to sensitize clinicians and biologists to the value of an adequate interpretation of the blood count. It is indeed a prospective study conducted at the Department of Pediatrics in collaboration with the Central Hematology Laboratory of the Ibn Sina University Hospital in Rabat, from May to July 2019. This study involved 100 cases of anemic infants and children who underwent a blood count and a blood smear. Childhood anaemia is predominantly male (56%), the most represented age group is between 1 month and 5 years (34%), according to the Hb rate, moderate anaemia is the most frequent (51%), the type of anaemia most found is 10%, the most common hue abnormality is the presence of annulocytes (37%), the anomalies of the are diverse but the most dominant are the presence of schizocytes (81%) followed by elliptocytes (68%), only basophilic wells are present as intraerythrocytic inclusions (1%). Our results are consistent with those in the literature and illustrate the vital interest of the hematologist in the diagnosis of the child.
Highlights
Anaemia is a widespread public health problem, with major consequences for individual health as well as economic and social development
The discovery of anaemia in children raises the question of its etiology
While automated machines provide the initial arguments for this investigation, the study of the morphology of red blood cells on the blood smear provides essential elements in the process of diagnosing anaemia
Summary
Anaemia is a widespread public health problem, with major consequences for individual health as well as economic and social development. It affects more than 2 billion people worldwide, according to WHO estimates. The discovery of anaemia in children raises the question of its etiology. While automated machines provide the initial arguments for this investigation, the study of the morphology of red blood cells on the blood smear provides essential elements in the process of diagnosing anaemia. The abnormalities on blood smears are multiple, they mainly concern the size, colour and shape of red blood cells. Abnormalities in size and colour mainly indicate a production disorder due to abnormalities in haemoglobin or nucleic acid synthesis
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