Abstract
Aim. The study aims to evaluate impairment of the rheological and electrical properties of blood, plasma viscosity and blood conductivity in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in comparison with the data of the control group of healthy individuals. It also aims to investigate the changes of the skin blood flow responses to cold stress in T2DM patients through wavelet analysis of the peripheral skin temperature pulsations and to estimate their relationships with the blood viscosity and blood conductivity parameters, obtained from the simulation of experimental data with mathematical equations.Materials and methods. The whole blood viscosity was measured by Contraves LS30 viscometer (Switzerland) at a steady flow in 9 healthy individuals and in 13 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Time variation of whole blood conductivity σ under transient flow at rectangular and trapezium shaped Couette viscometric flow and under electric field of 2 kHz was determined. The amplitudes of the skin temperature pulsations (ASTP) were monitored by «Microtest» device («FM-Diagnostics», Russia). To analyze the temperature fluctuations, wavelet transformation analysis of the low amplitude oscillations of skin temperature in accordance with myogenic (0.05–0.14 Hz), neurogenic (0.02–0.05 Hz), and endothelial (0.0095–0.02 Hz) control mechanisms of the vascular tone (WAST method) was applied.Results. Blood viscosity was increased in the T2DM patients’ group, while blood conductivity decreased in comparison to controls. Two sigmoidal equations were applied to describe the kinetics of blood conductivity. Both models include conductivity indices (σ1 , σ2 , σ3 ) and time indices too. The Pearson correlations between these parameters and the ASTP in the frequency ranges, corresponding to the myogenic, neurogenic and endothelial mechanisms of the microcirculation tone regulation were analyzed. The correlation analysis revealed good ASTP–(σ1 , σ2 , σ3 ) relationships in the neurogenic range 3 minutes after the cold test, while the ASTP–(σ1 , σ2 , σ3 ) correlation in the myogenic frequency range before the cold test was negative (r<–0.8, p<0.5).Conclusion. The results complement the studies of the microvascular regulatory mechanisms and endothelial dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, as well as their relationships with the rheological and electrical properties of blood.
Highlights
The blood rheological properties have important role in ensuring blood circulation, along with neurogenic and humoral regulation, and properties of the vascular wall
In our previous studies we found that in the patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM) the impairment of the cutaneous microvascular blood flow hemodynamic responses and the temperature oscillations were associated with increase of the blood viscosity values [1, 2]
It was proved that the myogenic oscillation frequency spectrum of the vascular wall tone is 0.05–0.14 Hz, the neurogenic activity is in the range of 0.02 to 0.05 Hz and the vascular endothelial function is determined in the spectrum of 0.0095–0.02 Hz
Summary
The blood rheological properties have important role in ensuring blood circulation, along with neurogenic and humoral regulation, and properties of the vascular wall. A statistically significant correlation between the variations in the skin temperature and the blood flow changes recorded by Doppler flowmetry has been established [7, 8]. This allows the use of wavelet analysis of temperature variations on the skin surface for analysis of the dynamics of the vascular tone in the frequency bands resulting for myogenic and neurogenic activity, as well as for functioning of the endothelium [6, 9, 10]
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