Blood pressure variation in the Kazakhs of Xinjiang, China, and its frequency analysis: Non-dipper type hypertension and ultradian rhythm

Abstract

s from the Japanese Journal: The autonomic nervous system #1 Japanese herbal medicine goshuyuto prevents migraine and reduces cutaneous electro-conductivity: Two case reports Keishi Fujita, Tetsuya Yamamoto, Takao Kamezaki, Akira Matsumura Department of Neurosurgery, Ibaraki Seinan Medical Center Hospital, Ibaraki 306-0433, Japan Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan Background: We investigated the relationship between sympathetic nerve activity and migraine, and the effect of goshuyuto, a Japanese herbal (kampo) medicine for migraine used in Japan. Some of the ingredients of goshuyuto have been shown to inhibit sympathetic activity. In this paper, we discuss the possibility of goshuyuto preventing migraine by inhibiting sympathetic activity, on the basis of the evidence of two cases. Patients and Methods: Subjects were two patients, a 25-year-old man (Case 1) and a 27-year-old woman (Case 2), diagnosed with migraine based on International Headache Society (2nd edition) criteria. Goshuyuto was prescribed at 7.5 g/day in Case 1 and 5.0 g/ day in Case 2 for 8 weeks. To assess the effectiveness of goshuyuto, we assessed the impact of migraine on patient's quality of life during the last 4 weeks of treatment via the measurements obtained with the Headache Impact Test (HIT-6). To assess the influence of goshuyuto on sympathetic activity, we recorded the cutaneous electro-conductivity at 24 representative measuring points; the data used were the averages, based on the Ryodoraku method. Examinations were conducted before and at 4 and 8 weeks after the start of administration of goshuyuto. Results: The HIT-6 score in the two patients decreased in parallel with a decrease in cutaneous electro-conductivity after administration of goshuyuto, a result implying that sympathetic inhibition resulted in migraine prevention. Conclusions: Our observations on two patients suggest that goshuyuto is a potential preventive drug for migraine and that its effect may be due to sympathetic inhibition. (The Autonomic Nervous System, 45: 148–152, 2008) doi:10.1016/j.autneu.2009.09.004 #2 Blood pressure variation in the Kazakhs of Xinjiang, China, and its frequency analysis: Non-dipper type hypertension and ultradian rhythm Hiroshi Kawamura, Hiromi Mitsubayashi, Yukio Ozawa, Yoichi Izumi, YujiKasamaki,AtsushiShinndo,MasakatsuOhta,HiroakiShimabukuro, Tomohiro Nakayama, Zuhen Cheng, MasumMahamut Department of Medicine, Nippon Dental University, School of Life Dentistry, Tokyo 102-8158, Japan Departments of Cardiovascular, Renal and Endocrine Medicines, Research Center and Cardiovascular Function, Nihon University, School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan Department of Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China Non-dipper-type variation of systolic blood pressure (SBP) and hypertension were more prevalent than the dipper-type variation among the Kazakhs of the province of Xinjiang, China, in a crosssectional survey of the population. To analyze the time structure and causes of the non-dipper-type of the SBP variation, we examined how it differed in the Kazakhs and the Hans. All subjects of both ethnic groups were admitted to local healthcare facilities for 24-hr ambulatory blood pressure monitoring and spectral analysis of the heart rate variability (HRV). The circadian variation of the SBP was analyzed using the maximum entropy method. We also obtained the frequency domain of the HRV. The peak spectral densities for the mean SBP occurred with 27.932-hr and 11.75 periodicity in the Hans, and with 27.437-hr and 12.72-hr periodicity in the Kazakhs. In regard to the HRV, there was no difference between the two groups in either the low frequency/high frequency [LF/HF] or the high frequency/(low frequency+high frequency) [HF/(LF+HF)] values. The only difference observed was in the spectral density in HF/(LF+HF), which was lower in the Kazakhs than in the Hans. These differences may be at the origin of ultradian rhythms in the non-dipper-type of SBP variation among the Kazakhs. (The Autonomic Nervous System, 45: 153–161, 2008) doi:10.1016/j.autneu.2009.09.005 pii:S1566-0702(09)00473-1 Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic and Clinical 151 (2009) 189–192