Abstract
Extensive evidence demonstrates that lowering blood pressure can substantially reduce the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and death.In light of the latest 2018 European Society of Cardiology/European Society of Hypertension Joint Guidelines, we summarize the current recommendations about lifestyle intervention strategies, pharmacotherapy, and device-based treatments for the management of arterial hypertension. Special attention is given to direct effects exerted by some antihypertensive drugs targeting vascular wall cell components that are involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.
Highlights
Continuous progress in understanding the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and pharmacology of arterial hypertension has consistently improved the possibility of an efficient and safe treatment of elevated blood pressure (BP).Extensive evidence demonstrates that lowering BP can substantially reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and death with similar proportional reductions across various population subgroups
Extensive evidence demonstrates that lowering blood pressure can substantially reduce the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and death.In light of the latest 2018 European Society of Cardiology/European Society of Hypertension Joint Guidelines, we summarize the current recommendations about lifestyle intervention strategies, pharmacotherapy, and device-based treatments for the management of arterial hypertension
Special attention is given to direct effects exerted by some antihypertensive drugs targeting vascular wall cell components that are involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis
Summary
Continuous progress in understanding the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and pharmacology of arterial hypertension has consistently improved the possibility of an efficient and safe treatment of elevated blood pressure (BP). The same classification is used for all ages from 16 years aBP category is defined according to seated clinic BP and by the highest level of BP, whether systolic or diastolic bIsolated systolic hypertension is graded 1, 2, or 3 according to SBP values in the ranges indicated interventions and drugs lowering BP were demonstrated to improve endothelial function, decrease arterial stiffness and vascular inflammation, and prevent the development and/or progression of atherothrombosis. The ESC/ESH Guidelines (Williams et al 2018) suggested the following lifestyle changes as contributors for reducing BP and cardiovascular risk to the majority of patients with arterial hypertension: healthy diet including dietary sodium restriction and moderation of alcohol consumption, overweight reduction, regular physical activity, and cessation of consumption of any product containing tobacco or nicotine
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