Blood pressure and cardiac autonomic modulation at rest, during exercise and recovery time in the young overweight

Jaqueline Alves De Araújo,André Rodrigues Lourenço Dias,Lucieli Teresa Cambri,Kamila Meireles Dos Santos,Katrice Almeida De Souza,Marilene Gonçalves Queiroz,Gabriel Kolesny Tricot,Gisela Arsa

doi:10.1590/s1980-65742016000100004

Jaqueline Alves De Araújo, André Rodrigues Lourenço Dias + Show 6 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1590/s1980-65742016000100004

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Abstract

This study aimed to assess the blood pressure (BP), cardiac autonomic modulation at rest, in physical exercise and in the recovery in untrained eutrophic (E) and overweight (O) youth. The body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), systolic BP-SBP (E: 109.80 ± 10.05; O: 121.85 ± 6.98 mmHg) and diastolic BP - DBP (E: 65.90 ± 7.28; O: 73.14 ± 12.22 mmHg) were higher in overweight and the heart rate recovery (%HRR) was lower as compared with E volunteers. The BMI was associated with SBP (r= 0.54), DBP (r= 0.65), load on the heart rate variability threshold - HRVT (r= -0.46), %HRR 2' (r= -0.48) and %HRR 5' (r= -0.48), and WC was associated with SBP (r= 0.54), DBP (r= 0.64) and HRR 2' (r= -0.49). The %HRR was associated to SBP, DBP and HRVT. In summary, the anthropometric variables, BP and cardiac autonomic modulation in the recovery are altered in overweight youth.

Highlights

Obesity is considered a public health problem and currently reaches 17.5% in Brazilian population, while the prevalence of overweight people has already reached 50.8% (Brasil, 2013)
The data indicate that the overweight youth showed higher values of body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, systolic and diastolic blood pressure when compared with the eutrophic group (p < .05)
The main results of this study demonstrate that resting blood pressure was increased and the %HRR was reduced after physical exercise in overweight youth

Summary

Introduction

Obesity is considered a public health problem and currently reaches 17.5% in Brazilian population, while the prevalence of overweight people has already reached 50.8% (Brasil, 2013). In Brazil, the frequency of people diagnosed as hypertension is 24.1%, reaching over 50% in the population over 55 years old. It is estimated that by 2025, the prevalence of hypertension in adult population worldwide will be 26.8% in the male population (20 to 29 years old) (Kearney et al, 2005). Monitoring cardiovascular parameters allows for an early prevention and/or treatment of the development of cardiovascular diseases. The heart rate at rest and during recovery time after exercise are utilized as indicators of aerobic fitness, monitoring cardiovascular adaptations and the autonomic function since the maintenance of heart rate values is a consequence of a balance between vagal tone and sympathetic activity. Heart rate variability (HRV) - interval temporal variability between successive heartbeats, measured by R-R interval are important approaches to detect cardiac autonomic dysfunction, degenerative chronic diseases and the higher mortality risk (Almeida & Araújo, 2003)

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