Abstract
Blood Metal Concentrations and Pubertal Development among Females in the CYGNET Prospective Cohort Study Kaiser Permanente Northern California, 20062011Abstract Number:1722 Jason Wilken*, Gayle Windham, Louise Greenspan, Robert Voss, Ryzard Gajek, and Lawrence Kushi Jason Wilken* Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and California Department of Public Health, United States, E-mail Address: [email protected] Search for more papers by this author , Gayle Windham California Department of Public Health, United States, E-mail Address: [email protected] Search for more papers by this author , Louise Greenspan Kaiser Permanente, United States, E-mail Address: [email protected] Search for more papers by this author , Robert Voss California Department of Public Health, United States, E-mail Address: [email protected] Search for more papers by this author , Ryzard Gajek California Department of Public Health, United States, E-mail Address: [email protected] Search for more papers by this author , and Lawrence Kushi Kaiser Permanente, United States, E-mail Address: [email protected] Search for more papers by this author AbstractBackground: Dysregulation of pubertal timing is associated with adverse health outcomes. Environmental or dietary metal toxicants can disrupt hormone function or production and have been associated with delayed menarche. We examined the influence of metals on pubertal timing in a longitudinal cohort of females.Methods: Participants were 314 Kaiser Permanente Northern California members, aged 6–8 years at study enrollment in 2005–2006 with annual follow-up since, including anthropometry and breast and pubic hair Tanner staging. Blood specimens were collected and analyzed for arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), manganese (Mn), and mercury (Hg) once, either at baseline or the first or second annual follow-up exams; blood metal concentrations were log-transformed if not normally distributed (Hg, As). Blood metal concentrations were compared by Pearson’s correlation. Cox proportional hazards ratios (HRs) for each metal and onset of breast or pubic hair development, defined as Tanner Stage 2 or greater, were adjusted for race/ethnicity, age, body mass index, annual family income, and caregiver education at time of blood draw.Results: All metal concentrations were above the limit of detection (LOD) for =99% of participants, except Cd (50.4%); therefore, Cd was dichotomized as = and <LOD. Log-As and log-Hg (r = 0.62), log-As and Mn (r = 0.18), Mn and log-Hg (r = 0.13), and Pb and Mn (r = –0.12) were significantly correlated. Higher prepubertal As, Cd, and Mn concentrations were associated with delayed pubic hair development (for 1 log increase in As, HR = 0.84; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.71–1.00; for Cd =LOD, HR = 0.72; 95% CI = 0.55–0.93; for 1 ?g/L increase in Mn, HR = 0.94; 95% CI = 0.91–0.98). No associations were observed with breast development.Conclusions: Our findings indicate metal exposure can disrupt pubertal timing. However, single blood samples might not provide the best measure of chronic exposure, so further study is warranted. Note: The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the official position of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention or the California Department of Public Health.
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