Abstract
PurposeThe effects of the tail suspension and reloading on the protein and lipid metabolism in muscle and blood in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are unclear. This study evaluated the hypothesis that skeletal muscle catabolism is greater in T2DM than in non-diabetes mellitus (non-DM) rats and that the activity-dependent changes in the intramuscular lipid accumulation and blood lipid profile are poorer in T2DM than in non-DM rats.MethodsT2DM and non-DM rats were suspended for two weeks followed by reloading for two weeks. The muscle and blood were then examined.ResultsIn contrast to our hypothesis, there was no marked difference between the T2DM and non-DM groups in terms of the skeletal muscle catabolism and activity-dependent changes in intramuscular lipid accumulation. However, the blood lipid profile increased in the T2DM group compared to the non-DM group. One interesting finding in this study was the decrease in non-high-density lipoprotein (non-HDL) cholesterol levels after one week of reloading followed by a significant increase in the non-HDL cholesterol levels after two weeks of reloading in the T2DM group.ConclusionThese results suggest that a dramatic increase in activity after a period of inactivity may rapidly improve the blood lipid profile in T2DM rats.
Highlights
Diabetes can reduce the healthy life expectancy in an aging society
body weight (BW) and muscle weight The BW, muscle mass, and muscle component protein (MCP) mass of the left lateral Gas muscle were measured to assess the changes in the Muscle damage The muscle damage induced by reloading was examined using the right medial Gas muscle one week after reloading in the non-diabetes mellitus (DM) (Fig. 2f) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) groups
Two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that the blood glucose levels in the T2DM group were significantly higher than in the non-diabetes mellitus (non-DM) group both before tail suspension and at each tissue collection point
Summary
Diabetes can reduce the healthy life expectancy in an aging society. the relationship between diabetes and skeletal muscle protein metabolism has not been fully elucidated, it has been pointed out that an increase in the blood glucose level, which is the main symptom of diabetes, causes a decrease in skeletal muscle amount due to an increase in muscle protein degradation induced by hyperglycemia [1]. Lifestyle optimization has been shown to play an important role in improving diabetes [2, 3]. In people with T2DM and obesity, the accumulation of ectopic lipid droplets is observed in some cells, such as skeletal muscle [4]. While this ectopic lipid droplet retention is highly correlated with T2DM and insulin resistance, lipid droplet accumulation is observed in athletes’ skeletal muscle cells. This contradictory phenomenon is called the athlete paradox [5]. Intramuscular lipid droplets (IMLDs) have been reported to increase with chronic training [6], but the effects of physical activity on IMLDs in T2DM are still unclear
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