Blood Inflammatory, Hydro-Electrolytes and Acid-Base Changes in Belgian Blue Cows Developing Parietal Fibrinous Peritonitis or Generalised Peritonitis after Caesarean Section.

Arnaud Sartelet,Linde Gille,Justine Eppe,Nassim Moula,Julien Evrard,Marie-Charlotte Coenen,Calixte Bayrou,Ludovic Martinelle,Hélène Casalta,Philippe Bossaert,Pierre Dubreucq,Vincent Frisée,Salem Djebala

doi:10.3390/vetsci9030134

Arnaud Sartelet, Linde Gille + Show 11 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci9030134

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Journal: Veterinary sciences	Publication Date: Mar 14, 2022
Citations: 3	License type: CC BY 4.0

Affiliation: University of Liège, University of Namur

Abstract

This study aimed to describe the inflammation, hydro-electrolyte and acid-base imbalances caused by generalised peritonitis (GP) and parietal fibrinous peritonitis (PFP) after caesarean section. After clinical examination, blood was sampled from 11 cows with PFP, 30 with GP and 14 healthy cows. Serum and plasma refractometry and glutaraldehyde tests were used to evaluate the inflammation level, while hydro-electrolytes and acid-base parameters were assessed using an EPOC® device. In addition to clinical signs of dehydration (>10%), blood analysis showed a high fibrinogen concentration (PFP: 8.64 ± 8.82 g/L; GP: 7.83 ± 2.45 g/L) and fast glutaraldehyde coagulation (<3 min) indicative of severe inflammation in both diseases compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Moreover, a severe decrease in electrolytes concentration (Na+: 126.93 ± 5.79 mmol/L; K+: 3.7 ± 1.3 mmol/L; Ca++: 0.89 ± 0.12 mmol/L; Cl−: 82.38 ± 6.45 mmol/L) and a significant increase in bicarbonate (30.87 ± 8.16 mmol/L), base excess (5.71 ± 7.42 mmol/l), L-lactate (8.1 ± 4.85 mmol/L) and creatinine (3.53 ± 2.30 mg/dL) were observed in cows with GP compared to the control group (p < 0.05). In contrast, few major perturbations were noticed in PFP, where only K+ (3.64 ± 0.25 mmol/L) and Ca++ (1.06 ± 0.09 mmol/L) were significantly modified (p < 0.05). In conclusion, a high dehydration and severe inflammation are induced by PFP and GP. Nevertheless, GP causes more electrolytes and acid-base disturbances than PFP.

Highlights

This article is an open access articleGeneralised peritonitis (GP) and parietal fibrinous peritonitis (PFP) are common complications of caesarean section (CS) [1–6]
All of the patients were Belgian blue cattle breed with a variable age (PFP: range, 24 to 87 months; mean, 46.5 ± 20.07 month; generalised peritonitis (GP): range, 24 to 100 months; mean, 49.44 ± 17.69 months) and parity varying between 1 and 4 CS in both groups
This study presents a unique dataset of inflammatory status, acid-base and electrolytes perturbations in cows suffering from PFP and GP following CS

Summary

Introduction

Generalised peritonitis (GP) and parietal fibrinous peritonitis (PFP) are common complications of caesarean section (CS) [1–6]. Whilst PFP affects approximatively 1% of cows undergoing CS [1], its mortality rate varies between 8% in the short term and 33% in the long term [3]. PFP after CS is still low, the absolute number of these complications is considerable in Belgium [4–6], since more than 500,000 CS are performed every year by Belgian vets [7–9]. Both GP and PFP are caused by peritoneal inflammation [3]. The vasodilatation increases the inflow and the loss of fluids, electrolytes, proteins and inflammatory cells by exudation in the peritoneal cavity [3,11–13]. PFP consists of an accumulation of a large volume (5 to 50 L) of inflammatory exudate and fibrin inside a fibrous capsule, localised between the external sheath of parietal peritoneum and the muscular layers of the abdominal wall [2–6,14,15]

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