Abstract
Patients with diabetes mellitus exhibit peripheral arterioles lesions that is associated with reduced blood flow. Here, we intended to assess the acral arterioles lesion in patients with type 2 diabetes based on the rate of blood flow by multigate spectral Doppler ultrasonography. Fifty-two patients with type 2 DM were divided into two groups. Group 1 included 13 men and 12 women with an average age of 60.60 ± 14.03 years and a duration of type 2 diabetes for 2.44 ± 1.50 years. Group 2 included 17 men and 11 women with an average age of 64.25 ± 10.84 years and type 2 diabetes for 12.57 ± 6.26 years. Age-matched control subjects (n = 52) were recruited (30 men and 22 woman, mean age of 61.19 ± 10.38 years). A multigate spectral Doppler algorithm was applied to the acral finger of the thumb of the right hand to test the arteriole diameter and hemodynamic parameters, including diameter of the acral finger arterioles (D), area of the blood flow profile of the acral finger arterioles (A max) and hemodynamic parameters. Patients with diabetes exhibited a significant reduction in the arteriole diameter (1.63 ± 0.18 and 1.57 ± 0.22 mm, respectively, P < 0.001 for both) compared to control subjects (2.09 ± 0.17 mm). A max were significantly reduced in patients with diabetes (61.35 ± 10.66 mm2/s for group 1 and 46.50 ± 6.59 mm2/s for group 2, P < 0.001 for both) compared to that in control subjects (77.93 ± 12.37 mm2/s). Furthermore, a significant difference in Amax was found between group 1 and group 2 (P < 0.001). The vascular resistance index (RI) was significantly higher in both patient groups 0.58 ± 0.06 for group 1 (P < 0.001) and 0.64 ± 0.07 for group 2 (P < 0.001) than that in control subjects (0.48 ± 0.04). The RI value of the acral finger arterioles differed significantly between group 1 and group 2 (P < 0.01). Diabetic patients exhibited a weak blood flow in the acral finger arterioles. The multigate spectral Doppler technology can be used to test blood flow in the acral finger arterioles and provide hemodynamic data for systematic analyses of the peripheral arteriole lesions in diabetes.
Highlights
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a common disease, causing increasing public health problems [1]
Scattered flow signals were seen in the center of acral finger arterioles in patients with type 2 DM by two-dimensional and color Doppler ultrasonography (Fig. 4b)
We found that it was difficult to detect the flow signals of the acral finger arterioles with the regular Doppler spectra and obtain resistance index (RI), Peak systolic velocity (PSV), and end diastolic velocity (EDV) in 5 patients with type 2 DM in the present study
Summary
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a common disease, causing increasing public health problems [1] It is well-known that diabetes often leads to peripheral arteriole disorders in association with microvascular complications [2,3,4,5]. A quality Doppler profiles (QDP) technology has been developed and successfully used for testing cerebral venous outflow in patients with multiple sclerosis [11] This technology is sensitive to detect blood flow with low signal intensity [11,12,13]. In this investigation, we tested hemodynamic parameters of the acral finger arterioles to evaluated the peripheral arteriole lesions in patients with type 2 diabetes by the quality Doppler profiles technology
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