Abstract
Frequent whole blood donors have an acknowledged increased risk of developing iron deficiency [ 1 Vassallo R.R. Donor iron depletion in context. Transfusion. 2021; 61: 318-321 Crossref PubMed Scopus (1) Google Scholar , 2 Prinsze F.J. de Groot R. Timmer T.C. Zalpuri S. van den Hurk K. Donation-induced iron depletion is significantly associated with low hemoglobin at subsequent donations. Transfusion. 2021; 61: 3344-3352 Crossref PubMed Scopus (4) Google Scholar , 3 Spencer B.R. Fox M.P. Wise L.A. Cable R.G. Mast A.E. Iron status and self-reported fatigue in blood donors. Transfusion. 2021; 61: 124-133 Crossref PubMed Scopus (4) Google Scholar ]; recent evidence has made clear that iron deficiency may exist despite donors presenting with a hemoglobin pre-donation test within the commonly accepted values. Not only female donors [ 4 Patel E.U. White J.L. Bloch E.M. Grabowski M.K. Gehrie E.A. Lokhandwala P.M. et al. Association of blood donation with iron deficiency among adolescent and adult females in the United States: a nationally representative study. Transfusion. 2019; 59: 1723-1733 Crossref PubMed Scopus (19) Google Scholar , 5 Fillet A.M. Martinaud C. Malard L. Le Cam S. Hejl C. Chenus F. et al. Iron deficiency among French whole-blood donors: first assessment and identification of predictive factors. Vox Sang. 2021; 116: 42-52 Crossref PubMed Scopus (4) Google Scholar , 6 France J.L. Hod E.A. Caccappolo E.A. Suhr J.A. France C.R. Kessler D.A. et al. Examination of the relationship between iron status and cognitive function among healthy young women with and without a recent history of blood donation. Transfusion. 2020; 60: 2886-2895 Crossref PubMed Scopus (3) Google Scholar ] but also male blood donors are exposed to this risk [ [7] Russell W.A. Scheinker D. Custer B. Individualized risk trajectories for iron-related adverse outcomes in repeat blood donors. Transfusion. 2022; 62: 116-124 Crossref PubMed Scopus (4) Google Scholar ]. Further, not only whole blood and erythrocyte apheresis donors are subjected to it [ [8] Pehlic V. Volken T. Holbro A. Jirout Z. Drexler B. Buser A. et al. Long-term course of haemoglobin and ferritin values in high-frequency donors of whole blood and double erythrocyte apheresis. Transfus Med Hemother. 2021; 48: 71-78 Crossref PubMed Scopus (3) Google Scholar ], but also frequent platelet and plasma donors [ 9 Pfeiffer H. Hechler J. Zimmermann R. Hackstein H. Achenbach S. Iron store of repeat plasma and platelet apheresis donors. Clin Lab. 2021; 67https://doi.org/10.7754/Clin.Lab.2020.200506 Crossref PubMed Scopus (2) Google Scholar , 10 Spencer B.R. Haynes J.M. Notari 4th, E.P. Stramer S.L. Prevalence, risk factors, and ferritin testing to mitigate iron depletion in male plateletpheresis donors. Transfusion. 2020; 60: 759-768 Crossref PubMed Scopus (5) Google Scholar , 11 Chinigi Sab P. Kaur G. Kaur P. Tahlan A. Bedi R.K. Mittal K. et al. Assessment of serum iron stores in regular plateletpheresis donors. Transfus Apher Sci. 2022; 61103291 Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (2) Google Scholar ]. This is calling for further definitions in the transfusion medicine glossary, to implement “iron deficiency” in addition to anemia, and to precisely define what “frequent donation” is.
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