Abstract
Background Blood donation is a novel act to save the lives of people who face serious medical and surgical conditions. Since the demand for blood supply is too high, there is a shortage of blood which causes significant morbidity and mortality. To increase blood supply and maintain adequate quantity of blood, regular and volunteer blood donation practice is needed, which meets the increased demand for blood. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis was aimed at assessing the prevalence of blood donation practices and associated factors in Ethiopia. Method PubMed/MEDLINE, HINARI, Embase, Scopus, Google Scholar, African Journals Online (AJOL), and published and unpublished articles from the Ethiopian University repository were searched to find articles. Cochrane I2 statistics and Egger's test with funnel plots were done to check heterogeneity and publication bias, respectively. Subgroup analysis by region, study subjects, study setting, and sample size was done due to heterogeneity, as well as sensitivity analysis. Result Twenty studies from different regions with a total study subject of 8546 were included in the final review. The pooled prevalence of blood donation practice in Ethiopia was 25.82% (95% CI: 21.45-30.19). Having good knowledge of blood donation (AOR = 2.85; 95% CI: 2.33-3.48) and favorable attitude (AOR = 4.35; 95% CI: 2.93-6.45) were factors associated with blood donation practice in Ethiopia. Conclusion The pooled prevalence of blood donation practices in Ethiopia was short of the demand for blood due to the increase in serious medical conditions and road traffic accidents. Knowledge and attitude towards blood donation were significantly associated with blood donation practice. Therefore, awareness creation and health education programs targeting blood donation practice should be strengthened.
Highlights
Blood is a special type of body fluid with special components that deliver essential substances like oxygen and nutrients to the body’s cells and used for the transportation of different metabolic wastes [1]
It is a lifesaving practice for people who face blood loss due to road traffic accidents, surgery, pregnancy complications, chemotherapy, and diseases like malaria, anemia, and intestinal parasites which increase the demand for blood [3]
According to studies done in Africa, the prevalence of blood donation ranges from 10.64% to 61.69% in which the majority of blood donation practice prevalence lays lower than 30% [11,12,13,14,15,16]
Summary
Blood is a special type of body fluid with special components that deliver essential substances like oxygen and nutrients to the body’s cells and used for the transportation of different metabolic wastes [1]. Blood donation is the process of collecting blood from voluntary donors who are at low risk for any infection and unlikely to jeopardize their health by blood donation [2] It is a lifesaving practice for people who face blood loss due to road traffic accidents, surgery, pregnancy complications, chemotherapy, and diseases like malaria, anemia, and intestinal parasites which increase the demand for blood [3]. Studies in different parts of the world identify factors that hinder blood donation practice Such perceptions include being not fitted to give blood, fear of anemia, fear of different health risks, and lack of information about blood donation, which result in the significant morbidity and mortality [17]. Awareness creation and health education programs targeting blood donation practice should be strengthened
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