Abstract
The concepts of hematopoiesis and the generation of blood and immune cells from hematopoietic stem cells are some steady concepts in the field of hematology. However, the knowledge of hematopoietic cells arising from solid tumor cancer stem cells is novel. In the solid tumor microenvironment, hematopoietic cells play pivotal roles in tumor growth and progression. Recent studies have reported that solid tumor cancer cells or cancer stem cells could differentiate into hematopoietic cells. Here, we discuss efforts and research that focused on the presence of hematopoietic cells in tumor microenvironments. We also discuss hematopoiesis from solid tumor cancer stem cells and clarify the notion of differentiation of solid tumor cancer stem cells into non-cancer hematopoietic stem cells.
Highlights
The origins of blood and immune cells differ depending on the stage of development.Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) residing in the bone marrow or fetal liver have self-renewal ability and differentiation capacity to form all the blood cell lineages [1]
Tumor-initiating cells, known as cancer stem cells (CSCs), are a subpopulation of tumor cells residing in tumor bulk and are capable of self-renewal and differentiation, which provide the ability to rebuild tumor mass and metastasis to other sites [25]
We summarize different types of hematopoietic cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) of solid cancer
Summary
The origins of blood and immune cells differ depending on the stage of development. Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) residing in the bone marrow or fetal liver have self-renewal ability and differentiation capacity to form all the blood cell lineages [1]. Different hematopoietic cells play different roles in the tumor microenvironment (TME) [2,3,4,5]. These cells either suppress or support tumor growth [6,7,8]. The tumor mass has a complex structure and is composed of different types of non-transformed cells, cancer cells, and extracellular matrix components, collectively known as the TME [12,13]. Tumor-initiating cells, known as cancer stem cells (CSCs), are a subpopulation of tumor cells residing in tumor bulk and are capable of self-renewal and differentiation, which provide the ability to rebuild tumor mass and metastasis to other sites [25]. We summarize different types of hematopoietic cells in the TME of solid cancer
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