Blocking MAPK Signaling Downregulates CCL21 in Lymphatic Endothelial Cells and Impairs Contact Hypersensitivity Responses

Abstract

CCL21 expression by lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) is essential for migration of CCR7+ immune cells from skin to regional lymph nodes (LNs). We investigated the importance of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling in CCL21 expression by ECs in vitro and in vivo. Normal human dermal lymphatic microvascular ECs (HMVEC-dLy) stimulated in vitro with oncostatin M (OSM) expressed high amounts of CCL21 mRNA. CCL21 protein expression by HMVEC-dLy was also markedly increased by OSM compared with unstimulated cultures. Marked phosphorylation of MAPK 44/42 was detected in HMVEC-dLy stimulated by OSM. CCL21 expression by HMVEC-dLy was blocked by a JAK inhibitor 1, JAK3 inhibitor, and U0126 (a MAPK kinase inhibitor) in vitro, all of which blocked phosphorylation of MAPK 44/42. In addition, injection of U0126 into murine skin significantly decreased CCL21 mRNA and protein expression. Moreover, injection of U0126 before sensitization decreased migration of dendritic cells to draining LNs and decreased contact hypersensitivity responses. In summary, these results suggest that the MAPK pathway is important for CCL21 expression by LECs in vitro and in vivo. Blocking MAPK signaling within skin may offer a novel approach to treatment of inflammatory skin diseases.