Abstract
Managing the integrity of products and processes in a multi-stakeholder supply chain environment is a significant challenge. Many current solutions suffer from data fragmentation, lack of reliable provenance, and diverse protocol regulations across multiple distributions and processes. Amongst other solutions, Blockchain has emerged as a leading technology, since it provides secure traceability and control, immutability, and trust creation among stakeholders in a low cost IT solution. Although Blockchain is making a significant impact in many areas, there are many impediments to its widespread adoption in supply chains. This article is the first survey of its kind, with detailed analysis of the challenges and future directions in Blockchain-enabled supply chains. We review the existing digitalization of the supply chain including the role of GS1 standards and technologies. Current use cases and startups in the field of Blockchain-enabled supply chains are reviewed and presented in tabulated form. Technical and non-technical challenges in the adoption of Blockchain for supply chain applications are critically analyzed, along with the suitability of various consensus algorithms for applications in the supply chain. The tools and technologies in the Blockchain ecosystem are depicted and analyzed. Some key areas as future research directions are also identified which must be addressed to realize mass adoption of Blockchain-based in supply chain traceability. Finally, we propose MOHBSChain, a novel framework for Blockchain-enabled supply chains.
Highlights
The supply chain is an interconnection of organizations, activities, resources, people and information for transforming natural resources and raw materials into a finished product for delivery to the end customer
Delivery drones [3], robotic goods handling [4, 5], pick and drop autonomous vehicles [6], certificate system, [7], eHealthcare system [8] and vision picking in warehouse operations [9] are some of the technologies enabling the operation and governance of goods handling at different stages of a supply chain
Identify challenges associated with the mass adoption of Blockchain-based supply chain traceability and propose a model, called MOHBSChain, for the adoption of future Blockchain-enabled supply chain
Summary
The supply chain is an interconnection of organizations, activities, resources, people and information for transforming natural resources and raw materials into a finished product for delivery to the end customer. GS1’s share standards have three types of data exchange: (i) event data from a physical or digital object (Electronic Product Code Information Service—EPCIS), (ii) interaction of objects, i.e., transaction data covered by EDI standards (GS1 XML, GS1 EANCom, eCom), (iii) Global Data Synchronization Network (GDSN),an internet-based integration system for sharing business data among partners. This categorization of services of GS1 is tabulated in Blockchain‐enabled supply chain: analysis, challenges, and future directions. This analytics process covers visibility into the supply chain, automation of involved processes and integration with other enterprise systems for application base system handling
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