Abstract
Distributed Ledger Technologies (DLTs), like Blockchain, are characterized by features such as transparency, traceability, and security by design. These features make the adoption of Blockchain attractive to enhance information security, privacy, and trustworthiness in very different contexts. This paper provides a comprehensive survey and aims at analyzing and assessing the use of Blockchain in the context of Distributed Trust and Reputation Management Systems (DTRMS). The analysis includes academic research as well as initiatives undertaken in the business domain. The paper defines two taxonomies for both Blockchain and DTRMS and applies a Formal Concept Analysis. Such an approach allowed us to identify the most recurrent and stable features in the current scientific landscape and several important implications among the two taxonomies. The results of the analysis have revealed significant trends and emerging practices in the current implementations that have been distilled into recommendations to guide Blockchain’s adoption in DTRMS systems.
Highlights
Manifestations of trust are easy to recognize because we experience and rely on them every day, trust is a multifaceted concept, and its definition can be challenging since it embraces constructs of ethics, morals, emotions, values, and combines a variety of fields.trust is always contextual
TAXONOMIES One of the outcomes of this work is to highlight the essential features of BC that are exploited in Distributed Trust Management Systems (DTMS)/Distributed Reputation Management Systems (DRMS) implementations
We propose a taxonomy of BC properties considered relevant to implement BC-based DTMS/DRMS (Fig. 3)
Summary
Manifestations of trust are easy to recognize because we experience and rely on them every day, trust is a multifaceted concept, and its definition can be challenging since it embraces constructs of ethics, morals, emotions, values, and combines a variety of fields. Trust is defined as the perception of the degree to which an exchange partner will fulfill their transactional obligations in situations characterized by risk or uncertainty They identify seven dimensions of trust in digital settings: attraction, dynamism, expertness, faith, intentions, localness, and reliability. In a centralized Trust Management System (TMS)/Reputation Management System (RMS), all the ratings are collected and processed by a centralized controlled computation facility (e.g., cloud). This approach is efficient when the business case requires a trusted third party (e.g., eBay, Airbnb). The main contributions of this work are: 1) To survey recent, academic and business, BC-based TMS/RMS systems and assess and analyze the use of BC.
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