Blockchain concept to combat drug counterfeiting by increasing supply chain visibility

Abstract

ABSTRACT This paper explores problems of pharmaceutical supply chains, such as drug counterfeiting, and the opportunities of using digital technologies to overcome them. It also evaluates the risks associated with the use of digital technologies. Expert interviews were conducted with pharmaceutical supply chain stakeholders in the first step. The data obtained was assessed through qualitative content analysis. In addition to the lack of transparency, strong individual interests of the supply chain actors and different implementation levels of digitisation were revealed. It is also noticeable that the industry is still paper-oriented. Nevertheless, the chosen experts are optimistic about the increased use of digital technologies. Combining blockchain with other technologies, such as IoT and AI, can improve efficiency, traceability, and trust in pharmaceutical supply chains. A digitalised supply chain concept is developed based on these technologies, enhancing transparency and information availability in the supply chain. In addition, communication and processes along the entire pharmaceutical supply chain are optimised.