Abstract
Building trust relationships between different decentralized entities in the IoT ecosystem is essential. Hereof, the combination of blockchain technology and trust evaluation techniques is recently considered as an efficient measure. However, both technologies within the IoT are still facing some limitations which are addressed in this research. First, this publication reviews various blockchain-based trust approaches and depicts their strengths and limitations regarding their usage in decentralized IoT communities. Then, an optimized trust model with a multi-layer adaptive and trust-based weighting system is proposed. Additionally, different trust metric parameters and their mathematical models used for trust evaluation are presented. Moreover, this publication presents a novel approach for incentivization processes in the IoT marketplace using control loops and smart contracts. Thereby, participants are motivated to continuously improve their behavior. Finally, the proposed trust model is proved to be reliable. The experimental results conducted from different scenarios show that the presented approach provides more resiliency against various attacks than existing ones.
Highlights
Evaluation Layer: Three types of trust evaluations are proposed to be done: evaluation of the services provided by an end-user; evaluation of the behavior of an end-user; evaluation of the end-user participation in community tasks
Storage Layer: The computed trust scores are stored in the blockchain and Distributed Hash Tables (DHT)
The proposed novel trust model with its different characteristics, starting from the initial trust score considerations, the different trust metrics, the trustworthy consensus protocol, the trust aggregation concept, and the synergy of blockchain, smart contracts and trust, fulfils all the requirements defined in section 2
Summary
The lack of centralized coordination and the presence of inexperienced end-users acting as service providers are associated with minimal trustworthiness between entities in a decentralized IoT ecosystem This has a negative impact on the overall security of the network and a countermeasure against this bottleneck is the design of trust management systems. B. MOTIVATION AND KEY CONTRIBUTIONS The security limitations of decentralized IoT service provision approaches, the deficits of existing trust management systems and several challenges for blockchain integration in IoT highlights the importance to design an optimized framework. It presents a novel multi-layer and trust-based weighting system to increase the trustworthiness of the trust model. The following subsection presents a review of relevant blockchain-based trust approaches in IoT
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