Abstract
The agricultural sector is still lagging behind from all other sectors in terms of using the newest technologies. For production, the latest machines are being introduced and adopted. However, pre-harvest and post-harvest processing are still done by following traditional methodologies while tracing, storing, and publishing agricultural data. As a result, farmers are not getting deserved payment, consumers are not getting enough information before buying their product, and intermediate person/processors are increasing retail prices. Using blockchain, smart contracts, and IoT devices, we can fully automate the process while establishing absolute trust among all these parties. In this research, we explored the different aspects of using blockchain and smart contracts with the integration of IoT devices in pre-harvesting and post-harvesting segments of agriculture. We proposed a system that uses blockchain as the backbone while IoT devices collect data from the field level, and smart contracts regulate the interaction among all these contributing parties. The system implementation has been shown in diagrams and with proper explanations. Gas costs of every operation have also been attached for a better understanding of the costs. We also analyzed the system in terms of challenges and advantages. The overall impact of this research was to show the immutable, available, transparent, and robustly secure characteristics of blockchain in the field of agriculture while also emphasizing the vigorous mechanism that the collaboration of blockchain, smart contract, and IoT presents.
Highlights
Steady food supply across the world is solely dependent on agricultural activities around the world
System overview We propose the usage of Internet of Things (IoT) enabled smart actors for a better mechanism of necessary data flow across the system
The objective of this work was to demonstrate the capability of blockchain in agricultural process development, and how the usage of blockchain can ensure data availability, ensure security, apply immutability so that there can be no manipulation of data, and ensure trust among producers and consumers
Summary
Steady food supply across the world is solely dependent on agricultural activities around the world. Agricultural process in the pre-harvest segment includes processing the soil for seeding by sowing and watering, adding fertilizers and composts, and the rest of the process involves irrigation and constant care-taking while expecting a fair amount of resulting crop to be harvested It is not the case every time that a farmer ends up with the expected quantity of production even after following the appropriate orders and method of cultivation. For ensuring better monitoring of the market price, it is vital to trace the agriproduct starting from the inception point of seed storage, passing through the whole process of cultivation, and to reach the hand of the consumers. There is a clear need for using technology that monitors the environment of storages that stores the seed and other agricultural products (e.g., fertilizer, pesticides). The conclusion section (Conclusion) contains the outcomes and future research directives
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