Blockade of Kv1.3 Potassium Channel Inhibits Microglia-Mediated Neuroinflammation in Epilepsy

Abstract

Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder whose pathophysiology relates to inflammation. The potassium channel Kv1.3 in microglia has been reported as a promising therapeutic target in neurological diseases in which neuroinflammation is involved, such as multiple sclerosis (MS), Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R). Currently, little is known about the relationship between Kv1.3 and epilepsy. In this study, we found that Kv1.3 was upregulated in microglia in the KA-induced mouse epilepsy model. Importantly, blocking Kv1.3 with its specific small-molecule blocker 5-(4-phenoxybutoxy)psoralen (PAP-1) reduced seizure severity, prolonged seizure latency, and decreased neuronal loss. Mechanistically, we further confirmed that blockade of Kv1.3 suppressed proinflammatory microglial activation and reduced proinflammatory cytokine production by inhibiting the Ca2+/NF-κB signaling pathway. These results shed light on the critical function of microglial Kv1.3 in epilepsy and provided a potential therapeutic target.