Block Copolymers as Antifouling and Fouling Resistant Coatings

Abstract

Biofouling is a natural phenomenon in which biomolecules, cells, and more complex organisms attach themselves to surfaces. It is a problem affecting ship surfaces, water filtering systems, and piping systems that diminishes efficiency, possibly rendering a device inoperative and requires routine maintenance and even repair. Previously in marine applications, metal-based coatings have been used for their antifouling properties; however, these coatings are biocides and an increasing number of regulations have been passed to limit their use due to their environmental toxicity. Block copolymer coatings have been shown to have antifouling and fouling release properties and are being pursued as a nontoxic alternative. This chapter will present an in-depth exploration of different polymer architectures, fouling resistance structures, and strategies that have been employed to prevent biofouling including hyperbranched polymers, zwitterionic structures, amphiphilic polymers, and more. We will also discuss different methods used to test a coating’s ability for antifouling and fouling release.